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Kukuruz Opis | Navigacijski meni

PoalesŽitariceLjekovito biljeSekvencirani genomi


CortesovogSjevernoj AmericiEvropiBalkankliphljebkolačiškrobfarmaceutski škrobvitamin Alecitina










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Kukuruz




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Kukuruz

Zea mays.jpg

Naučna klasifikacija
Carstvo:

Plantae

Divizija:

Magnoliophyta

Razred:

Liliopsida

Red:

Poales

Porodica:
Poaceae

Rod:

Zea


Dvojni naziv

Zea mays
L.



Zea mays "fraise"





Zea mays "Oaxacan Green"





Zea mays "Ottofile giallo Tortonese”


Kukuruz (Zea mays) je jednogodišnja biljka-žitarica iz porodice trava (Graminae). Sve do Cortesovog osvajanja Meksika postojala je jedino u Sjevernoj Americi, nakon čega se proširila u Evropi. U Evropu je donesen 1493. a po nekim izvorima 1535. Na Balkan je stigao u 17. stoljeću. Razvile su se različite sorte sa širokom primjenom u prehrambenoj industriji.



Opis |


Korijen mu je žiličast, a stablo visoko i člankovito s odvojenim muškim i ženskim cvjetovima. Plod mu je klip sa zrnjem koje je uglavnom žuto ili bijelo. Također je uzgojen veliki broj raznih vrsta hibrida.


Upotrebljava se za ishranu ljudi i domaćih životinja i za industrijsku proizvodnju.


Mljevenjem zrna kukuruza (slično kao što se melje pšenica — žito) dobija se brašno (kukuruzno brašno). Od kukuruznog brašna ili miješanjem sa pšeničnim brašnom se za ljudsku ishranu priprema: hljeb, proja, kačamak, kolači i dr.


Od kukuruza se dobija škrob koji se koristi u razne svrhe. Proizvodi se i farmaceutski škrob (Maydis amylum) koji ima različitu primjenu u medicini i farmaciji.


Od klica izvađenih iz zrelog kukuruza spravlja se vrlo hranljivo i ljekovito ulje (Maydis oleum) veoma bogato gliceridima nezasićenih masnih kiselina (linolne, oleinske i sl.) i fitosterolima (sitosterol, stigmasterol); sadrži i liposolubilne vitamine (posebno vitamin A).


U kukuruznim klicama ima oko 28% masnog ulja, 1% lecitina, inozitofosforne kiseline, belančevina, gvanidina, glutamina, šećera i drugih biološki vrlo važnih materija, zbog čega se klice cene kao veoma jaka, koncetrovana hrana. Interesantno je da se kukuruzna svila, uz ostale sastojke, koristi za pravljenje cigareta protiv bronhijalne astme.









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