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Жүгөрү




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Жүгөрү.


Жүгөрү (лат. Zea mays, L. 1753) — дан өсүмдүктөр тукумундагы бир жылдык өсүмдүк; баалуу азыктүлүк жана тоют өсүмдүгү. Данынын түзүлүшү жана морфологиялык өзгөчөлүгү боюнча 9 ботаникалык топко бөлүнөт: кремнийлүү, тиш сымал, чала тиш сымал, крахмалдуу, крахмал-канттуу жана башка. Жүгөрү Борбордук жана Түштүк Америкадан таралган. Европага 15-кылымдын аягында алып келинген. Россияда 17-кылымдан эгилет. КМШ өлкөлөрүндө бардык жерде, айрыкча Украина, Молдавия, Кавказ, Орто Азияда (анын ичинен Кыргызстанда) өстүрүлөт. Жүгөрү бир үйлүү, айрым жыныстуу топ гүлдүү, түз сабактуу өсүмдүк. Сабагынын бийиктиги 50-80 смден 5-6 мге чейин. Чачы тамыры жыш, жерге 100-150 см кирет. Сабагынын түбүнөн жоон, катуу таяныч тамыр өсүп, сабагын ийилүүдөн, сынуудан сактайт. Жалбырагы жазы, тасма сымал узун, учу ичке; кезектешип жайгашат. Аталык гүл чачык сабактын кылда учунда, энелиги сото байлайт. Мөмөсү дан. 1000 данынын салмагы 50-1100 г, көбүнчө 100-400 г. Данында 9-17% белок, 4-6% май (түйүлдүгүндө 40%), 65-70% углевод, А провитамини болот. Вегетация мезгили 90-150 күн. Жүгөрү жарык, жылуу жерде жакшы өсөт. Которуштуруп эгүүдө дан эгиндери, көп жылдык чөп, отолмо өсүмдүктөрдөн кийин айдалып, бир га жүгөрү аянтына 90-180 кг азот, 45-180 кг фосфор, 30180 кг калий жер семирткичи чачылат. Жүгөрүнүн данынан акшак, ун, крахмал, спирт, аралаш тоют, май алынат. Көк бакалынан силос, көк тоют; сабагы менен сотосунан кагаз, линолеум, вискоза жана башка даярдалат. Кыргызстанда эгилүүчү негизги сорттору жана гибриддери: Краснодар 5ТВ, Чүй 466, Чүй 62ТВ, Чүй 47, Вир-42. Зыянкечтери: швед чымыны, жалбыракчы жүгөрү үкүчөсү, жылдыз курт жана башка. Илдеттери: фузариоз, нигроспороз, сото нигроспорозу.



Колдонулган адабияттар |



  • “Кыргызстан” улуттук энциклопедиясы: 3-том. Башкы редактору Асанов Ү. А. К 97. Б.: Мамлекеттик тил жана энциклопедия борбору, 2011. 784 бет, илл. ISBN 978 9967-14-074 -5



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