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Muhindi Asili ya muhindi | Tabia | Marejeo | UrambazajiPicha za zao linaloonekana kama mahindi zimegunduliwa pia kwenye uchongaji wa picha za ukutani katika hekalu za Uhindi ya zamani kabla ya Kolumbus hivyo kuna imani kati ya wachunguzi kadhaa kuwa muhindi imefika Bara Hindi kupitia Bahari ya Pasifiki ingawa historia hii haijulikani bado,linganisha makala ya "Maize in Pre-Columbian India" inayounwa hapa (tovuti ya Chuo Kikuu cha Ohio Statekuihariri na kuongeza habari

Mbegu za mimeaNyasi na jamaaMimea ya mazaoNafaka


manyasimonokotiledoniAfrika ya MasharikiAfrika ya KusininafakaAmerika ya KatiMaindioHispaniaKolumbusWarenoetimolojiaHaitihektarihasileji












Muhindi




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Muhindi (mhindi)
(Zea mays subsp. mays)


Mihindi
Mihindi


Uainishaji wa kisayansi

















Himaya:

Planta (mimea)

(bila tabaka):

Angiospermae (Mimea inayotoa maua)

(bila tabaka):

Monocots (Mimea ambayo mche wao una jani moja tu)

(bila tabaka):

Commelinids (Mimea kama kongwe)

Oda:

Poales (Mimea kama manyasi)

Familia:

Poaceae (Mimea iliyo na mnasaba na nyasi)

Jenasi:

Zea

Spishi:

Z. mays
L.






Zea mays "fraise"





Zea mays "Oaxacan Green"





Zea mays "Ottofile giallo Tortonese”


Muhindi (pia: mhindi) ni mmea wa familia ya manyasi katika ngeli ya monokotiledoni. Mbegu za mhindi ni mahindi ambayo ni chakula muhimu katika sehemu nyingi za dunia pamoja na Afrika ya Mashariki na Afrika ya Kusini.



Asili ya muhindi |


Mhindi ni kati ya nafaka ya kwanza kulimwa kama chakula cha binadamu. Asili yake ni Amerika ya Kati ulipogundiliwa na Maindio. Wahispania walipeleka nafaka hii Ulaya; taarifa za kwanza za mashamba ya muhindi katika Hispania zilipatikana mwaka 1525 yaani miaka michache tu baada ya safari ya Kolumbus.


Katika Afrika mmea huu ulifika kupitia Wareno. Maelezo ya jina la muhindi/mhindi yaani etimolojia yake kuna wezekano mkubwa ya kwamba jina hili linahifadhi imani ya Wazungu ya kuwa Kolumbus alifika Uhindini ya Asia na Wahispania pamoja na Wareno waliendelea kuita nchi mpya "India" kwa miaka mingi. Hivyo nafaka kutoka "India" ile iliingia katika Kiswahili kwa jina lililolingana na imani ya Wareno kuhusu asili yake. Jina hili ni sawa na jina la Kifaransa "froment des Indes" (ngano ya Uhindi) au "Indian corn" jinsi inavyoitwa katika Kiingereza cha Marekani (kwa kawaida leo kifupi "corn"). Lakini katika nchi nyingi jina la Kiindio la "maiz" limeenea kutoka neno la Kiindio "mahiz" katika lugha ya taino kwenye kisiwa cha Haiti. Ilhali historia ya kufika kwa muhindi katika Afrika ya Mashariki haijulikani kikamilifu kuna pia uwezekano ya kwamba wenyeji walijua ni nafaka kutoka mbali na wenyewe walichagua jina "Uhindi" kama ishara ya asili ya mbali. [1][2][3]



Tabia |


Muhindi ni nafaka inayolimwa kwa wingi zaidi duniani. Mavuno ya dunia ya mwaka 2005 yalileta matokeo yafuatayo: mahindi tani milioni 710.3; mchele tani milioni 628.5 na ngano tani milioni 620.0.


Sababu ya kupendelea muhindi ni kivuno kikubwa. Dunia muhindi inaleta kwa wastani mahindi tani 47.5 kwa hektari moja. Hii inashinda mpunga unaoleta mchele wastani tani 40/ha na ngano yenye tani 29/ha.


Kwa jumla kuna tofauti katika matumizi:
- nchi za viwanda hulima muhindi hasa kama chakula cha wanyama; hapa mhindi wote huvunwa ukitumiwa kama sileji.
- nchi zinazoendelea hutumia zaidi mahindi yaani nafaka yake kama chakula cha kibinadamu.



Marejeo |



  1. Kuna mifano ya etimolojia ya aina hii kwa muhindi katika nchi za Ulaya: katika Ujerumani ya Kusini, Austria na Slovenia muhindi iliitwa "nafaka ya Kituruki" ("türk" au "Türkisch Weizen") ingawa haitokei kule, lakini jina limetokea kwa kutaja asili ya nchi ya mbali.


  2. Picha za zao linaloonekana kama mahindi zimegunduliwa pia kwenye uchongaji wa picha za ukutani katika hekalu za Uhindi ya zamani kabla ya Kolumbus hivyo kuna imani kati ya wachunguzi kadhaa kuwa muhindi imefika Bara Hindi kupitia Bahari ya Pasifiki ingawa historia hii haijulikani bado,linganisha makala ya "Maize in Pre-Columbian India" inayounwa hapa (tovuti ya Chuo Kikuu cha Ohio State


  3. Vivyo hivyo makala hii kwenye tovuti ya M. Kumar and J. K. S. Sachan kwenye tovuti ya Rajendra Agricultural University [1]






Greentree.jpg
Makala hii kuhusu mmea fulani bado ni mbegu.
Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Muhindi kama uainishaji wake wa kibiolojia, uenezi au matumizi yake?
Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa?
Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.



Rudishwa kutoka "https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhindi&oldid=982731"










Urambazaji


























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