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What happens to transactions included in extinct or invalid blocks?


What are orphaned and stale blocks?What happens to transaction once all the blocks are mined?How does Bitcoin avoid splitting into multiple p2p networks?I reused a previous deposit address and the recipient claims the address was invalidWhich sender is banned in case of nvalid transactions or blocks?What would happen if two miners were mining two blocks with two different set of transactions?Can corrupted unspent transaction outputs list leading to higher than expected fee be seen as an actual threat?What happens to rejected transactions ( i.e double spend or invalid transactions)?How are blocks verified?






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1















I have read that a block contains several transactions.



An attacker can forge fake a block.



The blockchain is safe because the system will choose and keep the longest chain.



So the fake block will be lost.



This is great but what happens if my transaction was included in the fake block?
Let's suppose I am buying a car. Should I wait for 6 confirmations to be sure? That would mean that I have to wait one hour!










share|improve this question









New contributor



Bob5421 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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    1















    I have read that a block contains several transactions.



    An attacker can forge fake a block.



    The blockchain is safe because the system will choose and keep the longest chain.



    So the fake block will be lost.



    This is great but what happens if my transaction was included in the fake block?
    Let's suppose I am buying a car. Should I wait for 6 confirmations to be sure? That would mean that I have to wait one hour!










    share|improve this question









    New contributor



    Bob5421 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
    Check out our Code of Conduct.























      1












      1








      1








      I have read that a block contains several transactions.



      An attacker can forge fake a block.



      The blockchain is safe because the system will choose and keep the longest chain.



      So the fake block will be lost.



      This is great but what happens if my transaction was included in the fake block?
      Let's suppose I am buying a car. Should I wait for 6 confirmations to be sure? That would mean that I have to wait one hour!










      share|improve this question









      New contributor



      Bob5421 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.











      I have read that a block contains several transactions.



      An attacker can forge fake a block.



      The blockchain is safe because the system will choose and keep the longest chain.



      So the fake block will be lost.



      This is great but what happens if my transaction was included in the fake block?
      Let's suppose I am buying a car. Should I wait for 6 confirmations to be sure? That would mean that I have to wait one hour!







      transaction-verification lost-transactions block-validity stale-block






      share|improve this question









      New contributor



      Bob5421 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.










      share|improve this question









      New contributor



      Bob5421 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.








      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 46 mins ago









      Murch

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      36.5k27 gold badges120 silver badges354 bronze badges






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      asked 9 hours ago









      Bob5421Bob5421

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          3 Answers
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          3
















          An attacker can forge fake block.




          Yes, but an invalid block would be rejected by all other participants that see it, and not relayed. Thus, such a block has little to no impact.




          This is great but what happens if my transaction is in the fake block? Let’s suppose i am buying a car. Should i wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait one hour!




          A transaction is a signed payment order to the Bitcoin network.
          As long as it remains a valid instruction set to the network, it will be tracked and distributed by network participants to include in a block. From the perspective of nodes following the best chain, being included in a block that is not part of the best chain is equivalent to not being included in any block at all. Thus, an invalid block including a transaction has no impact on any nodes that recognize the block as invalid–they still consider the transaction unconfirmed and they will continue to consider it for inclusion in another block.






          share|improve this answer
































            2
















            what happens if my transaction is in the fake block?




            It is also in the memory pool (mempool) of pending transactions at other nodes run by more honest people and will be included in a new and valid block in the normal way.




            Let’s suppose I am buying a Tesla car. Should I wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait 1 hour!




            Yes.



            There are faster payment methods for Bitcoin - e.g. Lightning Network (LN) and arguably perhaps escrow services. But they have their own trust model and characteristics you need to understand when using them.






            share|improve this answer


































              0















              The fake block is ignored and you have to wait until the next block, 2 blocks, 4 blocks, or 6 blocks, depending on how many confirmations the miner wants to be mined. But, if you are using Lightning, this can't happen unless you are taking out of lightning. The invalid block will not be added. If the miner will mine your block (ignoring other factors such as transaction fee, willingness of miner to fill block fully (this is not a problem anymore), average block time (if the difficulty hasn't changed recently enough, only really a problem if it goes down, it would help if it's predicted to go up), and the number of transactions sitting already), there is already a 62% chance that the confirmation will happen in 10 minutes. Although you have to wait, just be patient.





              share



























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                3 Answers
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                active

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                3 Answers
                3






                active

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                active

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                active

                oldest

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                3
















                An attacker can forge fake block.




                Yes, but an invalid block would be rejected by all other participants that see it, and not relayed. Thus, such a block has little to no impact.




                This is great but what happens if my transaction is in the fake block? Let’s suppose i am buying a car. Should i wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait one hour!




                A transaction is a signed payment order to the Bitcoin network.
                As long as it remains a valid instruction set to the network, it will be tracked and distributed by network participants to include in a block. From the perspective of nodes following the best chain, being included in a block that is not part of the best chain is equivalent to not being included in any block at all. Thus, an invalid block including a transaction has no impact on any nodes that recognize the block as invalid–they still consider the transaction unconfirmed and they will continue to consider it for inclusion in another block.






                share|improve this answer





























                  3
















                  An attacker can forge fake block.




                  Yes, but an invalid block would be rejected by all other participants that see it, and not relayed. Thus, such a block has little to no impact.




                  This is great but what happens if my transaction is in the fake block? Let’s suppose i am buying a car. Should i wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait one hour!




                  A transaction is a signed payment order to the Bitcoin network.
                  As long as it remains a valid instruction set to the network, it will be tracked and distributed by network participants to include in a block. From the perspective of nodes following the best chain, being included in a block that is not part of the best chain is equivalent to not being included in any block at all. Thus, an invalid block including a transaction has no impact on any nodes that recognize the block as invalid–they still consider the transaction unconfirmed and they will continue to consider it for inclusion in another block.






                  share|improve this answer



























                    3














                    3










                    3










                    An attacker can forge fake block.




                    Yes, but an invalid block would be rejected by all other participants that see it, and not relayed. Thus, such a block has little to no impact.




                    This is great but what happens if my transaction is in the fake block? Let’s suppose i am buying a car. Should i wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait one hour!




                    A transaction is a signed payment order to the Bitcoin network.
                    As long as it remains a valid instruction set to the network, it will be tracked and distributed by network participants to include in a block. From the perspective of nodes following the best chain, being included in a block that is not part of the best chain is equivalent to not being included in any block at all. Thus, an invalid block including a transaction has no impact on any nodes that recognize the block as invalid–they still consider the transaction unconfirmed and they will continue to consider it for inclusion in another block.






                    share|improve this answer














                    An attacker can forge fake block.




                    Yes, but an invalid block would be rejected by all other participants that see it, and not relayed. Thus, such a block has little to no impact.




                    This is great but what happens if my transaction is in the fake block? Let’s suppose i am buying a car. Should i wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait one hour!




                    A transaction is a signed payment order to the Bitcoin network.
                    As long as it remains a valid instruction set to the network, it will be tracked and distributed by network participants to include in a block. From the perspective of nodes following the best chain, being included in a block that is not part of the best chain is equivalent to not being included in any block at all. Thus, an invalid block including a transaction has no impact on any nodes that recognize the block as invalid–they still consider the transaction unconfirmed and they will continue to consider it for inclusion in another block.







                    share|improve this answer












                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer










                    answered 6 hours ago









                    MurchMurch

                    36.5k27 gold badges120 silver badges354 bronze badges




                    36.5k27 gold badges120 silver badges354 bronze badges


























                        2
















                        what happens if my transaction is in the fake block?




                        It is also in the memory pool (mempool) of pending transactions at other nodes run by more honest people and will be included in a new and valid block in the normal way.




                        Let’s suppose I am buying a Tesla car. Should I wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait 1 hour!




                        Yes.



                        There are faster payment methods for Bitcoin - e.g. Lightning Network (LN) and arguably perhaps escrow services. But they have their own trust model and characteristics you need to understand when using them.






                        share|improve this answer































                          2
















                          what happens if my transaction is in the fake block?




                          It is also in the memory pool (mempool) of pending transactions at other nodes run by more honest people and will be included in a new and valid block in the normal way.




                          Let’s suppose I am buying a Tesla car. Should I wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait 1 hour!




                          Yes.



                          There are faster payment methods for Bitcoin - e.g. Lightning Network (LN) and arguably perhaps escrow services. But they have their own trust model and characteristics you need to understand when using them.






                          share|improve this answer





























                            2














                            2










                            2










                            what happens if my transaction is in the fake block?




                            It is also in the memory pool (mempool) of pending transactions at other nodes run by more honest people and will be included in a new and valid block in the normal way.




                            Let’s suppose I am buying a Tesla car. Should I wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait 1 hour!




                            Yes.



                            There are faster payment methods for Bitcoin - e.g. Lightning Network (LN) and arguably perhaps escrow services. But they have their own trust model and characteristics you need to understand when using them.






                            share|improve this answer
















                            what happens if my transaction is in the fake block?




                            It is also in the memory pool (mempool) of pending transactions at other nodes run by more honest people and will be included in a new and valid block in the normal way.




                            Let’s suppose I am buying a Tesla car. Should I wait 6 blocks to be generated to be sure? But I have to wait 1 hour!




                            Yes.



                            There are faster payment methods for Bitcoin - e.g. Lightning Network (LN) and arguably perhaps escrow services. But they have their own trust model and characteristics you need to understand when using them.







                            share|improve this answer














                            share|improve this answer



                            share|improve this answer








                            edited 8 hours ago

























                            answered 8 hours ago









                            RedGrittyBrickRedGrittyBrick

                            3,7231 gold badge10 silver badges22 bronze badges




                            3,7231 gold badge10 silver badges22 bronze badges
























                                0















                                The fake block is ignored and you have to wait until the next block, 2 blocks, 4 blocks, or 6 blocks, depending on how many confirmations the miner wants to be mined. But, if you are using Lightning, this can't happen unless you are taking out of lightning. The invalid block will not be added. If the miner will mine your block (ignoring other factors such as transaction fee, willingness of miner to fill block fully (this is not a problem anymore), average block time (if the difficulty hasn't changed recently enough, only really a problem if it goes down, it would help if it's predicted to go up), and the number of transactions sitting already), there is already a 62% chance that the confirmation will happen in 10 minutes. Although you have to wait, just be patient.





                                share





























                                  0















                                  The fake block is ignored and you have to wait until the next block, 2 blocks, 4 blocks, or 6 blocks, depending on how many confirmations the miner wants to be mined. But, if you are using Lightning, this can't happen unless you are taking out of lightning. The invalid block will not be added. If the miner will mine your block (ignoring other factors such as transaction fee, willingness of miner to fill block fully (this is not a problem anymore), average block time (if the difficulty hasn't changed recently enough, only really a problem if it goes down, it would help if it's predicted to go up), and the number of transactions sitting already), there is already a 62% chance that the confirmation will happen in 10 minutes. Although you have to wait, just be patient.





                                  share



























                                    0














                                    0










                                    0









                                    The fake block is ignored and you have to wait until the next block, 2 blocks, 4 blocks, or 6 blocks, depending on how many confirmations the miner wants to be mined. But, if you are using Lightning, this can't happen unless you are taking out of lightning. The invalid block will not be added. If the miner will mine your block (ignoring other factors such as transaction fee, willingness of miner to fill block fully (this is not a problem anymore), average block time (if the difficulty hasn't changed recently enough, only really a problem if it goes down, it would help if it's predicted to go up), and the number of transactions sitting already), there is already a 62% chance that the confirmation will happen in 10 minutes. Although you have to wait, just be patient.





                                    share













                                    The fake block is ignored and you have to wait until the next block, 2 blocks, 4 blocks, or 6 blocks, depending on how many confirmations the miner wants to be mined. But, if you are using Lightning, this can't happen unless you are taking out of lightning. The invalid block will not be added. If the miner will mine your block (ignoring other factors such as transaction fee, willingness of miner to fill block fully (this is not a problem anymore), average block time (if the difficulty hasn't changed recently enough, only really a problem if it goes down, it would help if it's predicted to go up), and the number of transactions sitting already), there is already a 62% chance that the confirmation will happen in 10 minutes. Although you have to wait, just be patient.






                                    share











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                                    share










                                    answered 2 mins ago









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