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Slivka trnková Referencie | Iné projekty | Navigačné menuna stiahnutieDostupné online.Dostupné online.

PrunusNajmenej ohrozené druhyLiečivé rastliny


ružoviténaturalizovanáNovom ZélandeTasmániiSevernej AmerikyBorkamedonosné rastliny










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Slivka trnková




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Slivka trnková, alebo trnka obyčajná skrátene aj trnka (Prunus spinosa) je opadavý ker (alebo malý strom) z čeľade ružovité (Rosaceae).


Je rozšírená skoro po celej Európe, rastie aj na severe Afriky a v Malej Ázii. Je naturalizovaná na Novom Zélande, v Tasmánii a na východe Severnej Ameriky[2] Rastie v nížinách a pahorkatinách, na svahoch a suchých pôdach, kde obľubuje vápenné pôdy a slnečné stanoviská. Je mrazuvzdorná a odolná voči suchu a mestskému prostrediu[3][4].


Tento opadavý ker dorastá do výšky 2 až 4 m[3]. Má rozložitú a hustú korunu. Borka má černastú farbu. Konáre majú sivú farbu, sú hladké s hustými tŕňmi[3]. Malé listy rastú po odkvitnutí, sú striedavé s listovou stopkou, eliptického tvaru s malými vrúbkami. Kvitne bielymi kvetmi od marca do apríla[5]. Kvety majú priemer 1,5 cm a päť lupeňov.[3] Kvety sú hermafrodické a opeľuje ich hmyz.[2] Patrí medzi medonosné rastliny.


Trnka má malé kôstkovité plody fialovej farby so zelenou až žltou dužinou. Spočiatku trpké, po vysušení sú sladšie. Používajú sa na výrobu džemov, vín, destilátov alebo čajov. Používa sa aj v ľudovom liečiteľstve.



Referencie |



  1. ↑ Rhodes, L. & Maxted, N. 2016. Prunus spinosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T172194A19400568. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T172194A19400568.en. Prístup 9. august 2018.


  2. ↑ ab Rushforth, K (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins. ISBN 0-00-220013-9.


  3. ↑ abcd RUŽEK, Ivan, BRISUDA, Jozef a NEVŘELOVÁ, Marta: Obrazový atlas drevín [CD]. Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Prírodoved. fakulta, 2015. 118 s. ISBN 978-80-223-4017-5. – Skriptá.  na stiahnutie >> .PDF (53 MB)


  4. ↑
    HARAGSIM, Oldřich. Včelařské dřeviny a byliny. Praha : Grada Publishing a.s., 2013. 200 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 9788024784847. S. 78.


  5. ↑
    HOUSKA, Jindřich. PRUNUS SPINOSA L. – trnka obecná / slivka trnková [online]. 2007, [cit. 2018-08-09]. Dostupné online.



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Slivka trnková
Closeup of blackthorn aka sloe aka prunus spinosa sweden 20050924.jpg
Stupeň ohrozenia


VyhynutýVyhynutýVyhynutý vo voľnej prírodeKriticky ohrozenýOhrozenýZraniteľnýTakmer ohrozenýOhrozenýNajmenej ohrozenýNajmenej ohrozenýIUCN stupne ohrozenia
[1]
Vedecká klasifikácia

 



































  • Doména
    Eukaryoty
    Ríša (regnum)
    Rastliny (Vegetabilia)
    Podríša (subregnum)
    Zelené (Viridiplantae, Chlorobionta)
    Vývojová línia
    Cievnaté (Tracheophyta)
    Vývojová vetva
    Semenné (Spermatophyta)
    Skupina
    Krytosemenné (Angiospermae)
    Oddelenie
    Magnóliorasty (Magnoliophyta)
    Nadtrieda (superclassis)Dvojklíčnolistové (Dicotyledonopsida)
    Trieda (classis)
    Magnólie (Magnoliopsida)
    Podtrieda (subclassis)
    Ružové (Rosidae)
    Rad (ordo)
    Ružotvaré (Rosales)
    Čeľaď (familia)
    Ružovité (Rosaceae)
    Podčeľaď (subfamilia)
    Slivkovaté (Prunoideae)
    Rod (genus)
    Slivka (Prunus)
    Podrod (subgenus)
    Slivka (Prunus)
    Druh (species)Slivka domáca (Prunus spinosa)
Vedecký názov

Prunus spinosa
Linné

Prunus spinosa range.svg
Rozšírenie
Vedecká klasifikácia prevažne podľa tohto článku





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