Can i say “I will encrypt something” if i hash something?Are there hash algorithms with variable length output?Will hashing over and over eventually give the same hash?Can hashing become encrypting?Self verifying hash algorithmCan an encryption method be used as a hash function?Encryption in popular compression file formats - 7zip, RAR, ZipCan I generate OTP secrets by using a hash?Is it possible to guarantee a SHA-256 hash will begin with a certain 3 bytes?Using Diffie-Hellman secret key to encrypt/decrypt data?

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Can i say “I will encrypt something” if i hash something?


Are there hash algorithms with variable length output?Will hashing over and over eventually give the same hash?Can hashing become encrypting?Self verifying hash algorithmCan an encryption method be used as a hash function?Encryption in popular compression file formats - 7zip, RAR, ZipCan I generate OTP secrets by using a hash?Is it possible to guarantee a SHA-256 hash will begin with a certain 3 bytes?Using Diffie-Hellman secret key to encrypt/decrypt data?






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








2












$begingroup$


As I understand it, a hashing algorithm is some kind of encryption, just a specific kind of it. So is it wrong to say "I encrypt this value." if i "only" hash it? I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?










share|improve this question









New contributor



Johannes Rabauer is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    There are many useful hash algorithms that are used for non-cryptographic purposes to hash data. Not all hashing is cryptographic hashing. If it's not a cryptographically-secure hash, then it's definitely not encryption.
    $endgroup$
    – xdhmoore
    50 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    "Is it wrong?" Yes.
    $endgroup$
    – Jonathon Reinhart
    46 mins ago

















2












$begingroup$


As I understand it, a hashing algorithm is some kind of encryption, just a specific kind of it. So is it wrong to say "I encrypt this value." if i "only" hash it? I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?










share|improve this question









New contributor



Johannes Rabauer is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    There are many useful hash algorithms that are used for non-cryptographic purposes to hash data. Not all hashing is cryptographic hashing. If it's not a cryptographically-secure hash, then it's definitely not encryption.
    $endgroup$
    – xdhmoore
    50 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    "Is it wrong?" Yes.
    $endgroup$
    – Jonathon Reinhart
    46 mins ago













2












2








2





$begingroup$


As I understand it, a hashing algorithm is some kind of encryption, just a specific kind of it. So is it wrong to say "I encrypt this value." if i "only" hash it? I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?










share|improve this question









New contributor



Johannes Rabauer is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






$endgroup$




As I understand it, a hashing algorithm is some kind of encryption, just a specific kind of it. So is it wrong to say "I encrypt this value." if i "only" hash it? I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?







encryption hash terminology






share|improve this question









New contributor



Johannes Rabauer is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.










share|improve this question









New contributor



Johannes Rabauer is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.








share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 7 hours ago









yyyyyyy

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asked 9 hours ago









Johannes RabauerJohannes Rabauer

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Johannes Rabauer is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • $begingroup$
    There are many useful hash algorithms that are used for non-cryptographic purposes to hash data. Not all hashing is cryptographic hashing. If it's not a cryptographically-secure hash, then it's definitely not encryption.
    $endgroup$
    – xdhmoore
    50 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    "Is it wrong?" Yes.
    $endgroup$
    – Jonathon Reinhart
    46 mins ago
















  • $begingroup$
    There are many useful hash algorithms that are used for non-cryptographic purposes to hash data. Not all hashing is cryptographic hashing. If it's not a cryptographically-secure hash, then it's definitely not encryption.
    $endgroup$
    – xdhmoore
    50 mins ago










  • $begingroup$
    "Is it wrong?" Yes.
    $endgroup$
    – Jonathon Reinhart
    46 mins ago















$begingroup$
There are many useful hash algorithms that are used for non-cryptographic purposes to hash data. Not all hashing is cryptographic hashing. If it's not a cryptographically-secure hash, then it's definitely not encryption.
$endgroup$
– xdhmoore
50 mins ago




$begingroup$
There are many useful hash algorithms that are used for non-cryptographic purposes to hash data. Not all hashing is cryptographic hashing. If it's not a cryptographically-secure hash, then it's definitely not encryption.
$endgroup$
– xdhmoore
50 mins ago












$begingroup$
"Is it wrong?" Yes.
$endgroup$
– Jonathon Reinhart
46 mins ago




$begingroup$
"Is it wrong?" Yes.
$endgroup$
– Jonathon Reinhart
46 mins ago










4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















5














$begingroup$

Encryption algorithms and hash algorithms both belong to the realm of cryptography but are two different things and encryption doesn't contain hash functions.



As stated on Wikipedia:




In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.




An encryption algorithm turns some data into a ciphertext which can later be decrypted again to it's original content by using the encryption key.



If you generate a hash of some data it's can't be "reversed" back into it's original content, because a hash function is (theoretically) a one-way function with loss of data.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$






















    4














    $begingroup$

    Encryption implies that with the appropriate key, it is possible to decrypt and recover the original message. Which (in general) is not possible from a hash.



    Thus “I will encrypt” is not adequate if one is going to hash.



    Also: a hashing algorithm is some kind of symmetric cryptography, not encryption. While it is possible to construct hashes from encryption primitives (such as block ciphers), and vice versa, they are different beasts.






    share|improve this answer











    $endgroup$






















      2














      $begingroup$


      I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?




      It is actually. A hash algorithm computes a 'fingerprint' if you will of the input. So just as a fingerprint identifies you, a hash identifies the input document.



      But just as an entire human being cannot be recreated from just a fingerprint, so the original document cannot be (easily) recreated from the hash. This is the fundamental distinction with an encryption. In encryption it's useful to decrypt, using the original encryption key. You can't with a hash, and it has no key.






      share|improve this answer











      $endgroup$














      • $begingroup$
        "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
        $endgroup$
        – Maarten Bodewes
        11 mins ago


















      0














      $begingroup$

      Typically we require encryption be reversible, so it can be used as a communication system.



      Mathematically, when we talk about a cryptographic system, we are focusing on invertible functions. This change in viewpoint is important, because it opens up the possibilities for how we can encrypt information.



      For example, we can use a linear function (affine transformation) as an encryption system:



      https://youtu.be/1S92scw5zIg?list=PLKXdxQAT3tCssgaWOy5vKXAR4WTPpRVYK






      share|improve this answer










      New contributor



      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.





      $endgroup$














      • $begingroup$
        Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
        $endgroup$
        – Ella Rose
        5 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
        $endgroup$
        – kelalaka
        3 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
        $endgroup$
        – Maarten Bodewes
        7 mins ago














      Your Answer








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      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes








      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      5














      $begingroup$

      Encryption algorithms and hash algorithms both belong to the realm of cryptography but are two different things and encryption doesn't contain hash functions.



      As stated on Wikipedia:




      In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.




      An encryption algorithm turns some data into a ciphertext which can later be decrypted again to it's original content by using the encryption key.



      If you generate a hash of some data it's can't be "reversed" back into it's original content, because a hash function is (theoretically) a one-way function with loss of data.






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$



















        5














        $begingroup$

        Encryption algorithms and hash algorithms both belong to the realm of cryptography but are two different things and encryption doesn't contain hash functions.



        As stated on Wikipedia:




        In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.




        An encryption algorithm turns some data into a ciphertext which can later be decrypted again to it's original content by using the encryption key.



        If you generate a hash of some data it's can't be "reversed" back into it's original content, because a hash function is (theoretically) a one-way function with loss of data.






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$

















          5














          5










          5







          $begingroup$

          Encryption algorithms and hash algorithms both belong to the realm of cryptography but are two different things and encryption doesn't contain hash functions.



          As stated on Wikipedia:




          In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.




          An encryption algorithm turns some data into a ciphertext which can later be decrypted again to it's original content by using the encryption key.



          If you generate a hash of some data it's can't be "reversed" back into it's original content, because a hash function is (theoretically) a one-way function with loss of data.






          share|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          Encryption algorithms and hash algorithms both belong to the realm of cryptography but are two different things and encryption doesn't contain hash functions.



          As stated on Wikipedia:




          In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.




          An encryption algorithm turns some data into a ciphertext which can later be decrypted again to it's original content by using the encryption key.



          If you generate a hash of some data it's can't be "reversed" back into it's original content, because a hash function is (theoretically) a one-way function with loss of data.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 9 hours ago









          AleksanderRasAleksanderRas

          4,1722 gold badges11 silver badges41 bronze badges




          4,1722 gold badges11 silver badges41 bronze badges


























              4














              $begingroup$

              Encryption implies that with the appropriate key, it is possible to decrypt and recover the original message. Which (in general) is not possible from a hash.



              Thus “I will encrypt” is not adequate if one is going to hash.



              Also: a hashing algorithm is some kind of symmetric cryptography, not encryption. While it is possible to construct hashes from encryption primitives (such as block ciphers), and vice versa, they are different beasts.






              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$



















                4














                $begingroup$

                Encryption implies that with the appropriate key, it is possible to decrypt and recover the original message. Which (in general) is not possible from a hash.



                Thus “I will encrypt” is not adequate if one is going to hash.



                Also: a hashing algorithm is some kind of symmetric cryptography, not encryption. While it is possible to construct hashes from encryption primitives (such as block ciphers), and vice versa, they are different beasts.






                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$

















                  4














                  4










                  4







                  $begingroup$

                  Encryption implies that with the appropriate key, it is possible to decrypt and recover the original message. Which (in general) is not possible from a hash.



                  Thus “I will encrypt” is not adequate if one is going to hash.



                  Also: a hashing algorithm is some kind of symmetric cryptography, not encryption. While it is possible to construct hashes from encryption primitives (such as block ciphers), and vice versa, they are different beasts.






                  share|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$



                  Encryption implies that with the appropriate key, it is possible to decrypt and recover the original message. Which (in general) is not possible from a hash.



                  Thus “I will encrypt” is not adequate if one is going to hash.



                  Also: a hashing algorithm is some kind of symmetric cryptography, not encryption. While it is possible to construct hashes from encryption primitives (such as block ciphers), and vice versa, they are different beasts.







                  share|improve this answer














                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer








                  edited 6 hours ago

























                  answered 9 hours ago









                  fgrieufgrieu

                  85k7 gold badges189 silver badges371 bronze badges




                  85k7 gold badges189 silver badges371 bronze badges
























                      2














                      $begingroup$


                      I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?




                      It is actually. A hash algorithm computes a 'fingerprint' if you will of the input. So just as a fingerprint identifies you, a hash identifies the input document.



                      But just as an entire human being cannot be recreated from just a fingerprint, so the original document cannot be (easily) recreated from the hash. This is the fundamental distinction with an encryption. In encryption it's useful to decrypt, using the original encryption key. You can't with a hash, and it has no key.






                      share|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$














                      • $begingroup$
                        "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        11 mins ago















                      2














                      $begingroup$


                      I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?




                      It is actually. A hash algorithm computes a 'fingerprint' if you will of the input. So just as a fingerprint identifies you, a hash identifies the input document.



                      But just as an entire human being cannot be recreated from just a fingerprint, so the original document cannot be (easily) recreated from the hash. This is the fundamental distinction with an encryption. In encryption it's useful to decrypt, using the original encryption key. You can't with a hash, and it has no key.






                      share|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$














                      • $begingroup$
                        "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        11 mins ago













                      2














                      2










                      2







                      $begingroup$


                      I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?




                      It is actually. A hash algorithm computes a 'fingerprint' if you will of the input. So just as a fingerprint identifies you, a hash identifies the input document.



                      But just as an entire human being cannot be recreated from just a fingerprint, so the original document cannot be (easily) recreated from the hash. This is the fundamental distinction with an encryption. In encryption it's useful to decrypt, using the original encryption key. You can't with a hash, and it has no key.






                      share|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$




                      I understand that it gives the wrong impression, but I think it is not absolutely wrong, or is it?




                      It is actually. A hash algorithm computes a 'fingerprint' if you will of the input. So just as a fingerprint identifies you, a hash identifies the input document.



                      But just as an entire human being cannot be recreated from just a fingerprint, so the original document cannot be (easily) recreated from the hash. This is the fundamental distinction with an encryption. In encryption it's useful to decrypt, using the original encryption key. You can't with a hash, and it has no key.







                      share|improve this answer














                      share|improve this answer



                      share|improve this answer








                      edited 43 secs ago

























                      answered 9 hours ago









                      Paul UszakPaul Uszak

                      8,6911 gold badge18 silver badges41 bronze badges




                      8,6911 gold badge18 silver badges41 bronze badges














                      • $begingroup$
                        "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        11 mins ago
















                      • $begingroup$
                        "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        11 mins ago















                      $begingroup$
                      "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
                      $endgroup$
                      – Maarten Bodewes
                      11 mins ago




                      $begingroup$
                      "It is actually" ... could you make it clear what part of the question is answered by including it in that first sentence or section?
                      $endgroup$
                      – Maarten Bodewes
                      11 mins ago











                      0














                      $begingroup$

                      Typically we require encryption be reversible, so it can be used as a communication system.



                      Mathematically, when we talk about a cryptographic system, we are focusing on invertible functions. This change in viewpoint is important, because it opens up the possibilities for how we can encrypt information.



                      For example, we can use a linear function (affine transformation) as an encryption system:



                      https://youtu.be/1S92scw5zIg?list=PLKXdxQAT3tCssgaWOy5vKXAR4WTPpRVYK






                      share|improve this answer










                      New contributor



                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.





                      $endgroup$














                      • $begingroup$
                        Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Ella Rose
                        5 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
                        $endgroup$
                        – kelalaka
                        3 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        7 mins ago
















                      0














                      $begingroup$

                      Typically we require encryption be reversible, so it can be used as a communication system.



                      Mathematically, when we talk about a cryptographic system, we are focusing on invertible functions. This change in viewpoint is important, because it opens up the possibilities for how we can encrypt information.



                      For example, we can use a linear function (affine transformation) as an encryption system:



                      https://youtu.be/1S92scw5zIg?list=PLKXdxQAT3tCssgaWOy5vKXAR4WTPpRVYK






                      share|improve this answer










                      New contributor



                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.





                      $endgroup$














                      • $begingroup$
                        Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Ella Rose
                        5 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
                        $endgroup$
                        – kelalaka
                        3 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        7 mins ago














                      0














                      0










                      0







                      $begingroup$

                      Typically we require encryption be reversible, so it can be used as a communication system.



                      Mathematically, when we talk about a cryptographic system, we are focusing on invertible functions. This change in viewpoint is important, because it opens up the possibilities for how we can encrypt information.



                      For example, we can use a linear function (affine transformation) as an encryption system:



                      https://youtu.be/1S92scw5zIg?list=PLKXdxQAT3tCssgaWOy5vKXAR4WTPpRVYK






                      share|improve this answer










                      New contributor



                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.





                      $endgroup$



                      Typically we require encryption be reversible, so it can be used as a communication system.



                      Mathematically, when we talk about a cryptographic system, we are focusing on invertible functions. This change in viewpoint is important, because it opens up the possibilities for how we can encrypt information.



                      For example, we can use a linear function (affine transformation) as an encryption system:



                      https://youtu.be/1S92scw5zIg?list=PLKXdxQAT3tCssgaWOy5vKXAR4WTPpRVYK







                      share|improve this answer










                      New contributor



                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.








                      share|improve this answer



                      share|improve this answer








                      edited 4 hours ago





















                      New contributor



                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.








                      answered 6 hours ago









                      Jeff SuzukiJeff Suzuki

                      11 bronze badge




                      11 bronze badge




                      New contributor



                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.




                      New contributor




                      Jeff Suzuki is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.
















                      • $begingroup$
                        Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Ella Rose
                        5 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
                        $endgroup$
                        – kelalaka
                        3 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        7 mins ago

















                      • $begingroup$
                        Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Ella Rose
                        5 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
                        $endgroup$
                        – kelalaka
                        3 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
                        $endgroup$
                        – Maarten Bodewes
                        7 mins ago
















                      $begingroup$
                      Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Ella Rose
                      5 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      Welcome to crypto.stackexchange - Can you please summarize the content of the link, or mention what the content is/why it's relevant? If the link ever dies or changes, it greatly diminishes the utility of the answer.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Ella Rose
                      5 hours ago












                      $begingroup$
                      CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
                      $endgroup$
                      – kelalaka
                      3 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      CTR mode doesn't require the decryption.
                      $endgroup$
                      – kelalaka
                      3 hours ago












                      $begingroup$
                      @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Maarten Bodewes
                      7 mins ago





                      $begingroup$
                      @kelalaka Yes, CTR mode as a cipher (which includes the XOR operation) certainly does require decryption. It's just that the underlying block cipher is only used in one direction (encryption or decryption as they are equivalent operations for block ciphers). You cannot equate block ciphers with a complete IND-CPA secure cipher. Actually, you can combine a hash function or HMAC with CTR mode to create a cipher, but that doesn't make a hash function a cipher.
                      $endgroup$
                      – Maarten Bodewes
                      7 mins ago












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