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Oliviin NavigeerimismenüüOliviin

Mineraalid


magneesiumirauarikastesilikaatsetekivimit moodustavate mineraalideKeemiline valemoliivrohelisevärvusegarombilissesüngooniasseerikaalugaKõvadusklaasiläigeisomorfsemineraalforsteriitfajaliitkristallstruktuuriskivimitränitardkivimitealuselisedultraaluselised kivimidperidotiitideduniitMaavahevöösmaakooresmurenebserpentiiniksHüdrotermaalse muutumiseiddingsiidikssulamistemperatuurmagmakristalliseerumaKuubasaltsedlaavavoolud












Oliviin




Allikas: Vikipeedia






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Oliviin

Olivine (peridot).jpg
Omadused
Keemiline valem
(Mg,Fe)2SiO4
Mineraaliklass
saarsilikaadid
Värvus
roheline, kollane, punakaspruun, tumeroheline
Tihedus
3,22...4,39 g/cm³
Kõvadus
6,5...7
Lõhenevus
nõrk
Süngoonia
rombiline
Punktigrupp
rombiline dipüramidaalne
Kriips
valge
Kaksistumine
harva
Murdepind
karpjas
Läige
klaasi
Kristallooptilised omadused
Optiline telg
kaheteljeline
Optiline märk
positiivne või negatiivne
Kaksik­murdumine
0,033...0,052
Reljeef
kõrge
Interferents­värvused
kuni kolmandat järku
2V
46...98°
nα
1,636...1,827
nβ
1,651...1,869
nγ
1,669...1,879

Oliviin on magneesiumi- ja rauarikaste silikaatsete kivimit moodustavate mineraalide rühm.


Keemiline valem: (Mg,Fe)2SiO4


Oliviin on enamasti oliivrohelise värvusega, sellest ka nimi. Kuulub rombilisse süngooniasse. Oliviin on küllaltki suure erikaaluga mineraal, keskmiselt 3,32. Kõvadus on 6,5...7, tal on klaasiläige.


Enamik oliviine moodustavad isomorfse rea, mille ühes otsas on mineraal forsteriit (Mg2SiO4), teises otsas aga fajaliit (Fe2SiO4). Seega saavad raua- ja magneesiumiaatomid üksteist kristallstruktuuris igas vahekorras asendada.


Oliviin on oluline kivimit moodustav mineraal, kuuludes peamiselt suhteliselt vähe räni sisaldavate tardkivimite (aluselised ja ultraaluselised kivimid) koostisse. Peaaegu täielikult koosneb oliviinist peridotiitide hulka kuuluv kivim duniit. Et sellised kivimid on laialt levinud Maa vahevöös, on ka oliviini kontsentratsioon vahevöös märgatavalt kõrgem kui maakoores. Oliviin mureneb kergesti serpentiiniks. Hüdrotermaalse muutumise tagajärjel muutub oliviin peamiselt iddingsiidiks. Oliviinil on kõrge sulamistemperatuur, mistõttu hakkab ta magma jahtudes esimesena kristalliseeruma. Olulisel määral sisaldavad oliviini ka Kuu basaltsed laavavoolud.


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