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Elektroliza Sklici in reference | Zunanje povezave | Navigacijski meni"A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.151razširi006764557

Kemijske škrbineElektrokemijaKemični procesiProizvodni postopki


kemijski postopekredukcijaoksidacijakemijskih elementovspojinenosmerna napetosttalineraztopinesnovielektrodikatodaanodanabitielektrično energijovodika










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Elektroliza




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Aparat za elektrolizo


Elektrolíza je kemijski postopek, s pomočjo katerega se izvaja redukcija in oksidacija kemijskih elementov oz. spojin na njihove sestavne dele. Pri elektrolizi se uporablja enosmerna napetost. Elektrolizira se lahko taline ali raztopine snovi, redko tudi trdne snovi. Za elektrolizo sta potrebni dve elektrodi: katoda in anoda. Redukcija poteka na negativno nabiti katodi, oksidacija pa na pozitivno nabiti anodi. Pozitivno nabiti kationi ( npr. kovinski ioni, vodikovi ioni) potujejo proti negativni katodi, negativno nabiti anioni (npr. kloridovi ioni, sulfatni ioni, OH ioni) pa proti pozitivni anodi.


Pri elektrolizi ima velik pomen izbira materiala elektrod. Pri določenih pogojih lahko razpadejo, ta pojav uporabljamo pri posrebrenju ali pobakrenju. Postopek elektrolize se da obrniti, tako dobimo ob kemični reakciji električno energijo


Primer elektrolize: pridobivanje vodika iz vode s pomočjo električne energije:


2 H2O(l) → 2 H2(g) + O2(g); E0 = -1.229 V

V procesu se proizvaja toplota, le okrog 50-70% energije se spremeni v želeno obliko. Večje izkoristke omogoča tehnologija PEM (ang. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane electrolysis)[1]



Sklici in reference |




  1. ↑ Carmo, M; Fritz, D; Mergel, J; Stolten, D (2013). "A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis". Journal of Hydrogen Energy. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.01.151. 



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