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Elektrolisis Isi kandungan Latar belakang | Kaedah | Kegunaan elektrolis dalam industri | Rujukan | Pautan luar | Menu pandu arahPendopan tanpa elektrod mangan dioksida elektrolitik dengan nikel dan penciriannya

Rencana yang mengandungi teks bahasa Yunani PurbaElektrokimiaElektrolisisPenghasilan hidrogenProses industriProses kimia


elektrolitunsurarus elektrikelektrodkationkationMichael FaradayWilliam Whewellambarfenomena elektrikunsurlogamgrafitsepara pengalir












Elektrolisis




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Elektrolisis ialah proses penguraian elektrolit kepada unsur juzuknya apabila arus elektrik mengalir melaluinya. Arus elektrik boleh dialirkan melalui elektrolit dengan menggunakan dua elektrod: elektrod yang disambungkan kepada terminal positif yang dinamakan anod, manakala elektrod yang disambungkan kepada terminal negatif dinamakan katod. Semasa elektrolisis berlaku, ion negatif akan bergerak dari katod ke anod sebagai kation negatif. Ion positif pula akan bergerak dari anod ke katod yang mana ion ini dikenali sebagai kation positif.




Isi kandungan





  • 1 Latar belakang


  • 2 Kaedah


  • 3 Kegunaan elektrolis dalam industri


  • 4 Rujukan


  • 5 Pautan luar




Latar belakang |


Istilah "elektrolisis" diperkenalkan oleh Michael Faraday pada abad ke-19 atas cadangan sejarawan sains Inggeris William Whewell, daripada perkataan bahasa Yunani ἤλεκτρον elektron iaitu "ambar" yang dikaitkan dengan fenomena elektrik sejak kurun ke-17, dan λύσις lysis yang bermaksud "pelarutan". Elektrolisis sebagai alat mengkaji tindak balas kimia dan mendapatkan unsur asli walau bagaimanapun telah terlebih dahulu diamalkan sebelum diberikan istilah khusus oleh Faraday.



Kaedah |


Komponen utama yang diperlukan untuk mencapai elektrolisi adalah:



  • Elektrolit: suatu bahan kimia, biasanya polimer mengalirkan ion yang mengandungi ion bebas yang membawa arus elektrik dalam elektrolit. Jika ion-ion ini tidak dapat bergerak, misalnya dalam suatu medium tertentu seperti garam pejal, maka elektrolisis tidak boleh berlaku.


  • Bekalan arus terus: membekalkan tenaga yang perlu untuk menghasilkan atau menyahcas ion dalam elektrolit. Arus elektrik dibawa oleh elektron dalam litar luaran.

  • Dua batang elektrod: pengalir elektrik yang memberikan antaramuka fizikal antara elektrolit dengan litar elektrik yang membekalkan tenaga.

Elektrod yang diperbuat daripada logam, grafit and bahan separa pengalir digunakan secara meluas. Pemilihan elektrod yang sesuai bergantung kepada tindak balas kimia antara elektrod dengan elektrolit dan kos pembuatan.



Kegunaan elektrolis dalam industri |


  • Pengekstrakan logam

  • Penulenan logam

  • Penyaduran logam


Rujukan |





Pautan luar |


  • Pendopan tanpa elektrod mangan dioksida elektrolitik dengan nikel dan penciriannya



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