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There is a person on my team who is leaving in few weeks. He is flat-out refusing to provide a knowledge transfer to another team member.

I've raised this with my manager who has spoken to HR. However, apart from releasing him early, it seems we've no other recourse.

He has always been incredibly difficult to deal with and I am delighted he is leaving. However, I would like for him to complete this handover.

He had acted unprofessionally but it seems like there are no consequences for him. Is there anything I can do to get him to do his job and provide the handover?

There are consequences to his behavior. For one thing, (assuming he as an at-will employee and your live in an at-will area) there is nothing stopping your company from cutting string with this person immediately. From the sound of things, he is in sabotage mode so it would be in your company's best interest to mitigate that and send him on his way. That also means he does not earn or collect the last few weeks of his pay. Second, he is burning a bridge. And that will come to haunt him at some time in his near future.

That being said, you are also exposing a serious issue with managing tacit knowledge of your employees. Having a transfer of knowledge from an exiting employee to a new one is a normal activity; however, if your management processes are so immature that losing the opportunity for that transfer causes severe performance issues, then you have another problem to cure.

So ask him politely to participate in the transfer, let him know what those expectations are, and if he fails to do it, then have your HR department cut him loose. And then do what you have to do to recover from the knowledge loss and make sure you are not in that position ever again.