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In my app, when a user doesn't provide his / her avatar, I would like to display a colorful circle with the capitalized first character of his / her name. Let us assume, that if an avatar (face miniature) is provided, the gender is obvious.

It is important for users to recognize the gender at first glance, as it is on a search results display (a lot of records) and the app relies on later face-to-face human interaction heavily (they travel together).

Is there any specific, proven background color (for the background of person's first name initial) I should use to differentiate male / female, or, if the first name of the user is provided alongside his / her avatar I should not bother to do so?

You should not use color to indicate sex.

• 
  

  Colors associated with particular sexes vary with culture.

  
  
  
  • In some cultures, light-blue = boy, pink = girl. But in others, it's the reverse, pink = boy, light-blue = girl. Yet other cultures may use totally different colors.
  
  
  • These are cultural distinctions, not merely regional.
  
  
  • Color associations are in flux.
  
  



• There is also now an issue in some cultures with non-binary sexual categories (not even considering preferences). Not only are there male and female, but also male-to-female and female-to-male trans. There are also people born with ambiguous genitalia who may not have been assigned a definite sex at birth, as well as genetic males with female external genitalia.




• Some people may just like a particular color, regardless of their sex.




• Nothing stops users from creating fake anonymous avatars. The color coding at best provides only an illusion of safety. Worse, it may make online predation easier.

... the app relies on later face-to-face human interaction...

There are plenty of people of either sex who I would not care to meet. It would be far more helpful to:

• Implement some form of identity verification.




• Require exchange of pertinent information prior to meeting.




• Require exchange of recently taken photos to aid identification when meeting for the first time, regardless of sex.




• Provide search results filtering, which does not require color coding.




• Provide video chat.

Though there will be assertions regarding the role of gender assumption, or non-binary gender states, there are still many situations where gender foresight is an expectation of an app's community. The preferences of designers and developers needs to be secondary to serving the community (in most cases, excluding some ethics)

The most important solution is to implement gendered color defaults as an I18n value. This will let you set the default gender colors by-region, and therefore respect cultural historical norms – where those are the predominant community involved.

Build a table of all societies gender color defaults, and implement that in each region/locale I18n config.

Remember that it may be more important to help users feel safe and advised by instead asking other questions during onboarding - such as "does your religion discourage mixing with people of the opposite sex?" There may be many situations that a consultant psychologist, or even just user sampling, can help you to offer as configuration in the app, rather than simply showing gender-colors and 'calling it a day'