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波爾圖 目录 歷史 地理 經濟 景點 姐妹城市 參考資料 导航菜单41°08′58″N 8°36′39″W / 41.14947°N 8.61078°W / 41.14947; -8.61078地区**755名稱依據世界遺產名錄註冊。地區以聯合國教科文組織所劃分为准。Instituto de MeteorologiaStatistics PortugalDemographia: World Urban AreasWorldCat Identities4046838-0n5000640310045677ge239762139521806

波爾圖大西洋沿海城市葡萄牙城市波尔图区葡萄牙世界遗产


葡萄牙大西洋里斯本波尔图区北部大區波尔图波尔图音乐厅杜羅河加亞新城波酒世界文化遺產港口葡萄牙王國莱昂王国大航海發現杜羅河葡萄酒英國葡萄牙葡萄橄榄柑橘杜罗河葡萄酒缽酒波爾圖葡萄酒葡萄酒雅典佛羅倫薩阿姆斯特丹西柏林巴黎格拉斯哥都柏林馬德里安特衛普里斯本盧森堡市哥本哈根塞薩洛尼基斯德哥爾摩魏瑪雷克雅維克卑爾根赫爾辛基布魯塞爾布拉格克拉科夫聖地亞哥-德孔波斯特拉阿维尼翁博洛尼亚鹿特丹波尔图布吕赫薩拉曼卡格拉茨熱那亞里爾科克帕特雷盧森堡市大區錫比烏利物浦斯塔萬格林茨維爾紐斯埃森伊斯坦堡佩奇圖爾庫塔林馬里博爾基馬拉斯科希策馬賽于默奥里加蒙斯比尔森圣塞瓦斯蒂安弗罗茨瓦夫奥胡斯帕福斯瓦莱塔吕伐登普罗夫迪夫马泰拉里耶卡戈尔韦蒂米什瓦拉埃莱夫西纳诺威萨考那斯阿尔泽特河畔埃施










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波爾圖




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波尔图
Concelho do Porto

市镇(葡萄牙語:Município

Porto montage.PNG




波尔图 Concelho do Porto旗幟
旗幟

波尔图 Concelho do Porto徽章
徽章

在葡萄牙的位置
在葡萄牙的位置

坐标:41°08′58″N 8°36′39″W / 41.14947°N 8.61078°W / 41.14947; -8.61078
国家
 葡萄牙
大区
北部大區
NUTS3 亚区
大波尔图英语Grande Porto

波尔图区
堂区
阿尔多阿尔、邦芬 (波尔图)、坎帕尼扬等15个堂区
政府
 • 市长
鲁伊·莫雷拉英语Rui Moreira (無黨籍)
面积
 • 总计

41.42 平方公里(15.99 平方英里)
人口
 • 總計
238,465(2,005年估計)
(都會區有1,600,000人口)(2,006年)
 • 密度

5,757/平方公里(14,913/平方英里)
时区
WET/WEST (UTC+0/+1)
網站
http://www.cm-porto.pt













 src=
波尔图历史中心

联合国教科文组织认定的世界遗产

Porto City Hall in the Avenida dos Aliados
基本資料
國家
 葡萄牙
地区**
欧洲和北美地区
编号
755
註冊類型
自然遺產
評定標準
自然遺產criterion_n
註冊歷史
註冊年份
1996年(20th)

* 名稱依據世界遺產名錄註冊。
** 地區以聯合國教科文組織所劃分为准。

波尔图(葡萄牙語:Porto),是葡萄牙北部一個面向大西洋的港口城市,2011年人口为23万[1],城市面积为389平方千米[2],大都会区人口约180万。是葡萄牙第一大港和第二大城市(次于里斯本),兼波尔图区首府及北部大區的行政、經濟與文化中心。市內擁有葡萄牙國內著名的足球會波尔图與知名建築波尔图音乐厅。


波爾圖市由十五個子分區組成,北部接壤馬杜辛紐什、和麥雅衛星都市,東部與貢多馬爾市接壤;市區南部流有源自西班牙的北部第一大河杜羅河,對岸遙望加亞新城(Vila Nova de Gaia),西面則向大西洋。


葡萄牙这一國名與波酒都源於這座城市。其舊城區與周圍產酒區是世界文化遺產。




目录





  • 1 歷史


  • 2 地理


  • 3 經濟


  • 4 景點


  • 5 姐妹城市


  • 6 參考資料




歷史


波爾圖早在公元四世紀就已有人居住。其時波爾圖是一個商業港口,其名字就有「港口」之意。城始建于公元五世纪。但在公元700年因外來入侵引發戰爭,而趨向沒落。


12世纪,城市逐渐形成了现在的模式,分为上面的文化区和下面的商业区两部分。在12世纪葡萄牙王國自莱昂王国獨立以後,這裡便是葡萄牙的中心地區。公元14至15世紀,大航海發現使波爾圖開始成為造船港口。這時在杜羅河谷所生產的葡萄酒,也於波爾圖這個地方售賣。1703年葡萄牙與英國簽訂了條約,開始建立了雙邊貿易關係。


20世纪以来经济日益发展,为葡萄牙西北部重要经济中心。



地理


波尔图地处滨海平原,冬温夏凉,年降水量900毫米。土壤肥沃,附近为重要农业区,盛产葡萄、橄榄、柑橘。波尔图是杜罗河上游葡萄酒的集散地,品质甘醇的波尔图葡萄酒,被誉为葡萄牙的「第一大使」。




























































波爾圖(1971-2000)气候平均数据
月份
1月
2月
3月
4月
5月
6月
7月
8月
9月
10月
11月
12月
全年
平均高温​℃(℉)
13.5
(56.3)
14.8
(58.6)
16.8
(62.2)
17.7
(63.9)
19.4
(66.9)
22.8
(73)
25.0
(77)
25.0
(77)
23.7
(74.7)
20.4
(68.7)
16.8
(62.2)
14.4
(57.9)
19.19
(66.53)
平均低温​℃(℉)
5.0
(41)
5.9
(42.6)
7.1
(44.8)
8.6
(47.5)
11.0
(51.8)
13.8
(56.8)
15.5
(59.9)
15.2
(59.4)
14.1
(57.4)
11.5
(52.7)
8.3
(46.9)
6.8
(44.2)
10.23
(50.42)
平均降水量​㎜(英⁠寸)
157.6
(6.205)
139.7
(5.5)
89.9
(3.539)
115.6
(4.551)
97.6
(3.843)
46.0
(1.811)
18.3
(0.72)
26.7
(1.051)
71.0
(2.795)
138.0
(5.433)
158.4
(6.236)
194.7
(7.665)
1,253.5
(49.349)
来源:Instituto de Meteorologia


經濟


波爾圖夜景

波尔图是葡萄牙北部经济中心,亦是以出產缽酒及波爾圖葡萄酒出名。


除了有名的葡萄酒之外,其他工业如纺织(棉、毛、丝)、漁業(製鹽)、软木加工、机械、化工和炼油也非常發達。


波尔图的外贸出口额占全国的50%,国民生产总值占全国的三分之一。



景點



  • 波多音樂廳:波爾圖市內的重要代表建築。由荷蘭建築師雷姆·庫哈斯設計,是2001年欧洲文化之都計劃的一部份。

  • 波尔图主教座堂

  • 克莱瑞科塔(Torre dos Clerigos)

  • 水晶宫


  • 杜罗河口:波爾圖是葡萄牙河流杜羅河的出口。

  • 自由广场


  • 火龍球場:葡萄牙足球會波尔图主場舘。波尔图曾於2004年贏得歐冠盃。


姐妹城市



  • 法国波尔多(1978)


  • 中国上海(1995)


  • 澳門(1997)


參考資料



  1. ITDS, Rui Campos, Pedro Senos. Statistics Portugal. Ine.pt. [15 September 2011]. 


  2. Demographia: World Urban Areas, March 2010









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