Why do transition from one electronic shell to another shell always produce massless photon?Why can't gauge bosons have mass?How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?Photon emission and absorption by atomic electronsIs the photon truly not absorbed in Raman scattering?During transition of the electron from high to low energy state, is the photon released always of same energy?Does Rydberg's formula work for different orbitals?Stimulated emission process in lasers, Is the atom making transition a correct statement?Why does an electron shell further away from nucleus has higher energy level?Excited states in Bohr's model of an atomAbsorption and emission of photons

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Why do transition from one electronic shell to another shell always produce massless photon?

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Why do transition from one electronic shell to another shell always produce massless photon?


Why can't gauge bosons have mass?How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?Photon emission and absorption by atomic electronsIs the photon truly not absorbed in Raman scattering?During transition of the electron from high to low energy state, is the photon released always of same energy?Does Rydberg's formula work for different orbitals?Stimulated emission process in lasers, Is the atom making transition a correct statement?Why does an electron shell further away from nucleus has higher energy level?Excited states in Bohr's model of an atomAbsorption and emission of photons






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margin-bottom:0;









2












$begingroup$


When electron making transition from one higher energy state to lower energy state (energy difference $E$) then producing mass less photon with frequency $nu$ where $ Delta E= h nu$(h is Planck constant).We know energy-mas relation $ E=mc^2$.Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m that we could calculate from energy difference of the two states of the electron?Is there any kind critical energy difference$Delta E_c$such that lower than$Delta E_c$ always is creating photon and higher than $Delta E_c$ its value create particle with mass?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$









  • 2




    $begingroup$
    "Always producing a photon" is wrong. There is also the Auger effect
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Thanks !You make little bit light @MaxW.
    $endgroup$
    – baponkar
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    "Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m" What alternatives are there that have a mass that small? There's nothing, apart from neutrinos, but they couple to the weak force, not to electromagnetism.
    $endgroup$
    – PM 2Ring
    7 hours ago

















2












$begingroup$


When electron making transition from one higher energy state to lower energy state (energy difference $E$) then producing mass less photon with frequency $nu$ where $ Delta E= h nu$(h is Planck constant).We know energy-mas relation $ E=mc^2$.Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m that we could calculate from energy difference of the two states of the electron?Is there any kind critical energy difference$Delta E_c$such that lower than$Delta E_c$ always is creating photon and higher than $Delta E_c$ its value create particle with mass?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$









  • 2




    $begingroup$
    "Always producing a photon" is wrong. There is also the Auger effect
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Thanks !You make little bit light @MaxW.
    $endgroup$
    – baponkar
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    "Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m" What alternatives are there that have a mass that small? There's nothing, apart from neutrinos, but they couple to the weak force, not to electromagnetism.
    $endgroup$
    – PM 2Ring
    7 hours ago













2












2








2


1



$begingroup$


When electron making transition from one higher energy state to lower energy state (energy difference $E$) then producing mass less photon with frequency $nu$ where $ Delta E= h nu$(h is Planck constant).We know energy-mas relation $ E=mc^2$.Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m that we could calculate from energy difference of the two states of the electron?Is there any kind critical energy difference$Delta E_c$such that lower than$Delta E_c$ always is creating photon and higher than $Delta E_c$ its value create particle with mass?










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




When electron making transition from one higher energy state to lower energy state (energy difference $E$) then producing mass less photon with frequency $nu$ where $ Delta E= h nu$(h is Planck constant).We know energy-mas relation $ E=mc^2$.Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m that we could calculate from energy difference of the two states of the electron?Is there any kind critical energy difference$Delta E_c$such that lower than$Delta E_c$ always is creating photon and higher than $Delta E_c$ its value create particle with mass?







quantum-mechanics atomic-physics orbitals






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share|cite|improve this question













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share|cite|improve this question








edited 8 hours ago









Qmechanic

114k13 gold badges228 silver badges1358 bronze badges




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asked 10 hours ago









baponkarbaponkar

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  • 2




    $begingroup$
    "Always producing a photon" is wrong. There is also the Auger effect
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Thanks !You make little bit light @MaxW.
    $endgroup$
    – baponkar
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    "Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m" What alternatives are there that have a mass that small? There's nothing, apart from neutrinos, but they couple to the weak force, not to electromagnetism.
    $endgroup$
    – PM 2Ring
    7 hours ago












  • 2




    $begingroup$
    "Always producing a photon" is wrong. There is also the Auger effect
    $endgroup$
    – MaxW
    9 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Thanks !You make little bit light @MaxW.
    $endgroup$
    – baponkar
    9 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    "Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m" What alternatives are there that have a mass that small? There's nothing, apart from neutrinos, but they couple to the weak force, not to electromagnetism.
    $endgroup$
    – PM 2Ring
    7 hours ago







2




2




$begingroup$
"Always producing a photon" is wrong. There is also the Auger effect
$endgroup$
– MaxW
9 hours ago




$begingroup$
"Always producing a photon" is wrong. There is also the Auger effect
$endgroup$
– MaxW
9 hours ago












$begingroup$
Thanks !You make little bit light @MaxW.
$endgroup$
– baponkar
9 hours ago




$begingroup$
Thanks !You make little bit light @MaxW.
$endgroup$
– baponkar
9 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
"Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m" What alternatives are there that have a mass that small? There's nothing, apart from neutrinos, but they couple to the weak force, not to electromagnetism.
$endgroup$
– PM 2Ring
7 hours ago




$begingroup$
"Why not creating some kind particle in this case which has mass m" What alternatives are there that have a mass that small? There's nothing, apart from neutrinos, but they couple to the weak force, not to electromagnetism.
$endgroup$
– PM 2Ring
7 hours ago










4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















2














$begingroup$

You are asking about when a electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level so I will assume you are asking about relaxation. There are other type of transitions, like the Auger effect.



Now when a atom/electron relaxes, it moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as per QM, as you state, and releases a photon.



You are asking why this transition releases a massless gauge boson.



Now the photon is an elementary particle, part of the SM, massless, pointlike. Photons always travel at speed c in vacuum, when measured locally.



You are asking why this gauge boson is massless.



There are two ways to look at this:



  1. gauge invariance, if you want to describe a theory with a zero mass vector and relativity, you have to have gauge invariance. And the photon is massless because it is the mediator of the EM force which is long range. It is because of the unbroken U(1) gauge invariance of the EM force.

Though, the gauge fields may become massive via Higgs (W,Z bosons). But that is a short range force.



Why can't gauge bosons have mass?



How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?



  1. As per SR, anything that travels at the speed of light, cannot have rest mass. This is because it would cost an infinite amount of energy to speed up a massive particle to speed c.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$














  • $begingroup$
    Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
    $endgroup$
    – baponkar
    8 hours ago


















2














$begingroup$

There are a few reasons why the particle produced needs to be a photon. Aside from conserving energy, we also need to conserve momentum, charge and spin, for example. So you would need to ask what other particle, instead of a photon, could be emitted while satisfying all those conservation requirements.



If you just consider energy and spin conservation, the total amount of energy available in electron transitions in an atom is small, and not enough to make any of the other massive Bosons. To use your terminology, the maximum energy difference in electron transitions, Δ𝐸, is way below the energy Δ𝐸𝑐 you would need to create any of the other known massive particles that satisfy the other conservation requirements.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$






















    0














    $begingroup$

    It's just a conservation of energy equation.
    An example of such a case when an electron jumps to a lower shell it emits a photon and this photon itself is captured by an electron in the outer shell and that electron gets emitted from the atom. So in principle till all the conservation laws are satisfied there is always a finite but very less probability for it to happen than just a emission of photon when an electron jumps to a lower shell.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$






















      0














      $begingroup$

      The relation $E = mc^2$ actually only accounts for the rest-mass of a particle, that is, a particle with zero velocity, or equivalently, in its own reference frame. The complete expression is actually $E^2=(mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2$, where $p$ is the momentum and $c$ is the speed of light. Photons have zero mass, but they have non-zero momentum. When $m=0,$ the expression reduces to $E^2 = (pc)^2$ or $E = pc$. By the de-Broglie relation, $p=h/lambda$, so $E=hc/lambda=hnu$, as you have suggested.






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$














      • $begingroup$
        I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
        $endgroup$
        – baponkar
        9 hours ago






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
        $endgroup$
        – baponkar
        9 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
        $endgroup$
        – JEB
        9 hours ago






      • 1




        $begingroup$
        $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
        $endgroup$
        – G. Smith
        9 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        I'm dumb sorry everyone
        $endgroup$
        – aRockStr
        9 hours ago












      Your Answer








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      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes








      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      2














      $begingroup$

      You are asking about when a electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level so I will assume you are asking about relaxation. There are other type of transitions, like the Auger effect.



      Now when a atom/electron relaxes, it moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as per QM, as you state, and releases a photon.



      You are asking why this transition releases a massless gauge boson.



      Now the photon is an elementary particle, part of the SM, massless, pointlike. Photons always travel at speed c in vacuum, when measured locally.



      You are asking why this gauge boson is massless.



      There are two ways to look at this:



      1. gauge invariance, if you want to describe a theory with a zero mass vector and relativity, you have to have gauge invariance. And the photon is massless because it is the mediator of the EM force which is long range. It is because of the unbroken U(1) gauge invariance of the EM force.

      Though, the gauge fields may become massive via Higgs (W,Z bosons). But that is a short range force.



      Why can't gauge bosons have mass?



      How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?



      1. As per SR, anything that travels at the speed of light, cannot have rest mass. This is because it would cost an infinite amount of energy to speed up a massive particle to speed c.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon



      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$














      • $begingroup$
        Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
        $endgroup$
        – baponkar
        8 hours ago















      2














      $begingroup$

      You are asking about when a electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level so I will assume you are asking about relaxation. There are other type of transitions, like the Auger effect.



      Now when a atom/electron relaxes, it moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as per QM, as you state, and releases a photon.



      You are asking why this transition releases a massless gauge boson.



      Now the photon is an elementary particle, part of the SM, massless, pointlike. Photons always travel at speed c in vacuum, when measured locally.



      You are asking why this gauge boson is massless.



      There are two ways to look at this:



      1. gauge invariance, if you want to describe a theory with a zero mass vector and relativity, you have to have gauge invariance. And the photon is massless because it is the mediator of the EM force which is long range. It is because of the unbroken U(1) gauge invariance of the EM force.

      Though, the gauge fields may become massive via Higgs (W,Z bosons). But that is a short range force.



      Why can't gauge bosons have mass?



      How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?



      1. As per SR, anything that travels at the speed of light, cannot have rest mass. This is because it would cost an infinite amount of energy to speed up a massive particle to speed c.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon



      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$














      • $begingroup$
        Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
        $endgroup$
        – baponkar
        8 hours ago













      2














      2










      2







      $begingroup$

      You are asking about when a electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level so I will assume you are asking about relaxation. There are other type of transitions, like the Auger effect.



      Now when a atom/electron relaxes, it moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as per QM, as you state, and releases a photon.



      You are asking why this transition releases a massless gauge boson.



      Now the photon is an elementary particle, part of the SM, massless, pointlike. Photons always travel at speed c in vacuum, when measured locally.



      You are asking why this gauge boson is massless.



      There are two ways to look at this:



      1. gauge invariance, if you want to describe a theory with a zero mass vector and relativity, you have to have gauge invariance. And the photon is massless because it is the mediator of the EM force which is long range. It is because of the unbroken U(1) gauge invariance of the EM force.

      Though, the gauge fields may become massive via Higgs (W,Z bosons). But that is a short range force.



      Why can't gauge bosons have mass?



      How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?



      1. As per SR, anything that travels at the speed of light, cannot have rest mass. This is because it would cost an infinite amount of energy to speed up a massive particle to speed c.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon



      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$



      You are asking about when a electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level so I will assume you are asking about relaxation. There are other type of transitions, like the Auger effect.



      Now when a atom/electron relaxes, it moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level as per QM, as you state, and releases a photon.



      You are asking why this transition releases a massless gauge boson.



      Now the photon is an elementary particle, part of the SM, massless, pointlike. Photons always travel at speed c in vacuum, when measured locally.



      You are asking why this gauge boson is massless.



      There are two ways to look at this:



      1. gauge invariance, if you want to describe a theory with a zero mass vector and relativity, you have to have gauge invariance. And the photon is massless because it is the mediator of the EM force which is long range. It is because of the unbroken U(1) gauge invariance of the EM force.

      Though, the gauge fields may become massive via Higgs (W,Z bosons). But that is a short range force.



      Why can't gauge bosons have mass?



      How does gauge invariance prevent the photon from acquiring a mass?



      1. As per SR, anything that travels at the speed of light, cannot have rest mass. This is because it would cost an infinite amount of energy to speed up a massive particle to speed c.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon



      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity







      share|cite|improve this answer












      share|cite|improve this answer



      share|cite|improve this answer










      answered 8 hours ago









      Árpád SzendreiÁrpád Szendrei

      7,2521 gold badge11 silver badges35 bronze badges




      7,2521 gold badge11 silver badges35 bronze badges














      • $begingroup$
        Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
        $endgroup$
        – baponkar
        8 hours ago
















      • $begingroup$
        Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
        $endgroup$
        – baponkar
        8 hours ago















      $begingroup$
      Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
      $endgroup$
      – baponkar
      8 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      Yeah! I like that.Thanky you
      $endgroup$
      – baponkar
      8 hours ago













      2














      $begingroup$

      There are a few reasons why the particle produced needs to be a photon. Aside from conserving energy, we also need to conserve momentum, charge and spin, for example. So you would need to ask what other particle, instead of a photon, could be emitted while satisfying all those conservation requirements.



      If you just consider energy and spin conservation, the total amount of energy available in electron transitions in an atom is small, and not enough to make any of the other massive Bosons. To use your terminology, the maximum energy difference in electron transitions, Δ𝐸, is way below the energy Δ𝐸𝑐 you would need to create any of the other known massive particles that satisfy the other conservation requirements.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$



















        2














        $begingroup$

        There are a few reasons why the particle produced needs to be a photon. Aside from conserving energy, we also need to conserve momentum, charge and spin, for example. So you would need to ask what other particle, instead of a photon, could be emitted while satisfying all those conservation requirements.



        If you just consider energy and spin conservation, the total amount of energy available in electron transitions in an atom is small, and not enough to make any of the other massive Bosons. To use your terminology, the maximum energy difference in electron transitions, Δ𝐸, is way below the energy Δ𝐸𝑐 you would need to create any of the other known massive particles that satisfy the other conservation requirements.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$

















          2














          2










          2







          $begingroup$

          There are a few reasons why the particle produced needs to be a photon. Aside from conserving energy, we also need to conserve momentum, charge and spin, for example. So you would need to ask what other particle, instead of a photon, could be emitted while satisfying all those conservation requirements.



          If you just consider energy and spin conservation, the total amount of energy available in electron transitions in an atom is small, and not enough to make any of the other massive Bosons. To use your terminology, the maximum energy difference in electron transitions, Δ𝐸, is way below the energy Δ𝐸𝑐 you would need to create any of the other known massive particles that satisfy the other conservation requirements.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          There are a few reasons why the particle produced needs to be a photon. Aside from conserving energy, we also need to conserve momentum, charge and spin, for example. So you would need to ask what other particle, instead of a photon, could be emitted while satisfying all those conservation requirements.



          If you just consider energy and spin conservation, the total amount of energy available in electron transitions in an atom is small, and not enough to make any of the other massive Bosons. To use your terminology, the maximum energy difference in electron transitions, Δ𝐸, is way below the energy Δ𝐸𝑐 you would need to create any of the other known massive particles that satisfy the other conservation requirements.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered 4 hours ago









          Marco OcramMarco Ocram

          7111 silver badge9 bronze badges




          7111 silver badge9 bronze badges
























              0














              $begingroup$

              It's just a conservation of energy equation.
              An example of such a case when an electron jumps to a lower shell it emits a photon and this photon itself is captured by an electron in the outer shell and that electron gets emitted from the atom. So in principle till all the conservation laws are satisfied there is always a finite but very less probability for it to happen than just a emission of photon when an electron jumps to a lower shell.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



















                0














                $begingroup$

                It's just a conservation of energy equation.
                An example of such a case when an electron jumps to a lower shell it emits a photon and this photon itself is captured by an electron in the outer shell and that electron gets emitted from the atom. So in principle till all the conservation laws are satisfied there is always a finite but very less probability for it to happen than just a emission of photon when an electron jumps to a lower shell.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$

















                  0














                  0










                  0







                  $begingroup$

                  It's just a conservation of energy equation.
                  An example of such a case when an electron jumps to a lower shell it emits a photon and this photon itself is captured by an electron in the outer shell and that electron gets emitted from the atom. So in principle till all the conservation laws are satisfied there is always a finite but very less probability for it to happen than just a emission of photon when an electron jumps to a lower shell.






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  It's just a conservation of energy equation.
                  An example of such a case when an electron jumps to a lower shell it emits a photon and this photon itself is captured by an electron in the outer shell and that electron gets emitted from the atom. So in principle till all the conservation laws are satisfied there is always a finite but very less probability for it to happen than just a emission of photon when an electron jumps to a lower shell.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered 9 hours ago









                  DebobrataDebobrata

                  415 bronze badges




                  415 bronze badges
























                      0














                      $begingroup$

                      The relation $E = mc^2$ actually only accounts for the rest-mass of a particle, that is, a particle with zero velocity, or equivalently, in its own reference frame. The complete expression is actually $E^2=(mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2$, where $p$ is the momentum and $c$ is the speed of light. Photons have zero mass, but they have non-zero momentum. When $m=0,$ the expression reduces to $E^2 = (pc)^2$ or $E = pc$. By the de-Broglie relation, $p=h/lambda$, so $E=hc/lambda=hnu$, as you have suggested.






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$














                      • $begingroup$
                        I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
                        $endgroup$
                        – JEB
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
                        $endgroup$
                        – G. Smith
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        I'm dumb sorry everyone
                        $endgroup$
                        – aRockStr
                        9 hours ago















                      0














                      $begingroup$

                      The relation $E = mc^2$ actually only accounts for the rest-mass of a particle, that is, a particle with zero velocity, or equivalently, in its own reference frame. The complete expression is actually $E^2=(mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2$, where $p$ is the momentum and $c$ is the speed of light. Photons have zero mass, but they have non-zero momentum. When $m=0,$ the expression reduces to $E^2 = (pc)^2$ or $E = pc$. By the de-Broglie relation, $p=h/lambda$, so $E=hc/lambda=hnu$, as you have suggested.






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$














                      • $begingroup$
                        I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
                        $endgroup$
                        – JEB
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
                        $endgroup$
                        – G. Smith
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        I'm dumb sorry everyone
                        $endgroup$
                        – aRockStr
                        9 hours ago













                      0














                      0










                      0







                      $begingroup$

                      The relation $E = mc^2$ actually only accounts for the rest-mass of a particle, that is, a particle with zero velocity, or equivalently, in its own reference frame. The complete expression is actually $E^2=(mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2$, where $p$ is the momentum and $c$ is the speed of light. Photons have zero mass, but they have non-zero momentum. When $m=0,$ the expression reduces to $E^2 = (pc)^2$ or $E = pc$. By the de-Broglie relation, $p=h/lambda$, so $E=hc/lambda=hnu$, as you have suggested.






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$



                      The relation $E = mc^2$ actually only accounts for the rest-mass of a particle, that is, a particle with zero velocity, or equivalently, in its own reference frame. The complete expression is actually $E^2=(mc^2)^2 + (pc)^2$, where $p$ is the momentum and $c$ is the speed of light. Photons have zero mass, but they have non-zero momentum. When $m=0,$ the expression reduces to $E^2 = (pc)^2$ or $E = pc$. By the de-Broglie relation, $p=h/lambda$, so $E=hc/lambda=hnu$, as you have suggested.







                      share|cite|improve this answer














                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer








                      edited 9 hours ago

























                      answered 9 hours ago









                      aRockStraRockStr

                      617 bronze badges




                      617 bronze badges














                      • $begingroup$
                        I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
                        $endgroup$
                        – JEB
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
                        $endgroup$
                        – G. Smith
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        I'm dumb sorry everyone
                        $endgroup$
                        – aRockStr
                        9 hours ago
















                      • $begingroup$
                        I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
                        $endgroup$
                        – baponkar
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
                        $endgroup$
                        – JEB
                        9 hours ago






                      • 1




                        $begingroup$
                        $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
                        $endgroup$
                        – G. Smith
                        9 hours ago










                      • $begingroup$
                        I'm dumb sorry everyone
                        $endgroup$
                        – aRockStr
                        9 hours ago















                      $begingroup$
                      I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
                      $endgroup$
                      – baponkar
                      9 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      I know $E^2=m_0^2c^2+c^2p^2$ .Then why should it massless?why it has not mass?
                      $endgroup$
                      – baponkar
                      9 hours ago




                      1




                      1




                      $begingroup$
                      Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
                      $endgroup$
                      – baponkar
                      9 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      Sorry $E^2=m_0^2c^4+c^2p^2$
                      $endgroup$
                      – baponkar
                      9 hours ago












                      $begingroup$
                      @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
                      $endgroup$
                      – JEB
                      9 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      @baponkar because photons are massless, and they couple to charge. It could make a W, that's called electron capture and is not quite the same as an atomic transition.
                      $endgroup$
                      – JEB
                      9 hours ago




                      1




                      1




                      $begingroup$
                      $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
                      $endgroup$
                      – G. Smith
                      9 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      $E=mc^2 + pc$ No!
                      $endgroup$
                      – G. Smith
                      9 hours ago












                      $begingroup$
                      I'm dumb sorry everyone
                      $endgroup$
                      – aRockStr
                      9 hours ago




                      $begingroup$
                      I'm dumb sorry everyone
                      $endgroup$
                      – aRockStr
                      9 hours ago


















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