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Taman Nasional Bunaken Daftar isi Flora dan fauna | Aktivitas manusia | Konservasi dan ancaman | Referensi | Pranala luar | Menu navigasi1°40′N 124°39′E / 1.667°N 124.650°E / 1.667; 124.6501°40′N 124°39′E / 1.667°N 124.650°E / 1.667; 124.650Mangement Advisory Board:Entrance fee collection dataE. Turak and L. DeVantie: Reef-building corals of Bunaken National Park: Rapid ecological assessment of biodiversity and statusIndonesia Ministry of Forestry: Bunaken National ParkWWF: Bunaken NP fact sheetUNESCO: Bunaken NPWWF: BunakenKeindahan Surga di Taman Nasional BunakenDewan Pengelolaan Taman Nasional BunakenReef Rehabilitation Project on Bunakenss

Kategori II IUCNSitus Warisan Dunia UNESCO di IndonesiaTaman nasional di IndonesiaMinahasa


Sulawesi UtaraIndonesiaTamanSegitiga Terumbu Karangmamalialautrumput lautterumbu karangTamanBunakenManadoNaenCaulerpaHalimedaPadinaThalassiaThalassaodendronArecaceaesagukelapakuskuskepitinglobstermoluskaubi jalarUNESCOSitus Warisan DuniaWorld Wildlife FundTaman Nasional Lorentz










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Taman Nasional Bunaken




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Taman Nasional Bunaken

IUCN Kategori II (Taman Nasional)

Bunaken01.JPG
Pemandangan Pulau Bunaken dari Pulau Manado Tua



Peta memperlihatkan letak Taman Nasional Bunaken

Peta memperlihatkan letak Taman Nasional Bunaken

TN Bunaken


Letak di Sulawesi
Letak
Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia
Kota terdekatManado
Koordinat
1°40′N 124°39′E / 1.667°N 124.650°E / 1.667; 124.650Koordinat: 1°40′N 124°39′E / 1.667°N 124.650°E / 1.667; 124.650
Luas89.000 hektare (890 km²)
Didirikan1991
Pengunjungca.35,000[1] (tahun 2003-06)
Pihak pengelolaKementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan

Taman Nasional Bunaken adalah taman laut yang terletak di Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Taman ini terletak di Segitiga Terumbu Karang, menjadi habitat bagi 390 spesies terumbu karang[2] dan juga berbagai spesies ikan, moluska, reptil dan mamalia laut. Taman Nasional Bunaken merupakan perwakilan ekosistem laut Indonesia, meliputi padang rumput laut, terumbu karang dan ekosistem pantai.[3]


Taman nasional ini didirikan pada tahun 1991 dan meliputi wilayah seluas 890.65 km². 97% dari taman nasional ini merupakan habitat laut, sementara 3% sisanya merupakan daratan, meliputi lima pulau: Bunaken, Manado Tua, Mantehage, Naen dan Siladen.




Daftar isi





  • 1 Flora dan fauna


  • 2 Aktivitas manusia


  • 3 Konservasi dan ancaman


  • 4 Referensi


  • 5 Pranala luar




Flora dan fauna |


Taman Nasional Bunaken memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang yang sangat kaya.[3] Terdapat sekitar 390 spesies terumbu karang di wilayah ini.[2] Spesies alga yang dapat ditemui di Taman Nasional Bunaken adalah Caulerpa, Halimeda dan Padina, sementara spesies rumput laut yang banyak ditemui adalah Thalassia hemprichii, Enhallus acoroides, dan Thalassaodendron ciliatum. Taman Nasional Bunaken juga memiliki berbagai spesies ikan, mamalia laut, reptil, burung, moluska dan mangrove.[3] Sekitar 90 spesies ikan tinggal di perairan wilayah ini.


Di daratan, pulau ini kaya akan Arecaceae, sagu, woka, silar dan kelapa. Selain itu, Taman Nasional Bunaken juga memiliki spesies hewan yang tinggal di daratan, seperti rusa dan kuskus. Hutan mangrove di taman ini menjadi habitat bagi kepiting, lobster, moluska dan burung laut.[3]



Aktivitas manusia |


Di wilayah ini, terdapat 22 desa dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 35.000 jiwa. Kebanyakan dari mereka bekerja sebagai nelayan atau petani kelapa, ubi jalar, pisang dan rumput laut untuk diekspor, sementara sebagian lainnya bekerja sebagai pemandu, pekerja di cottage dan nakhoda kapal.[4]


Pariwisata di wilayah ini terus dikembangkan. Antara tahun 2003 hingga 2006, jumlah pengunjung di Taman Nasional Bunaken mencapai 32.000 hingga 39.000 jiwa, dengan 8-10.000 di antaranya merupakan turis asing.[1]



Konservasi dan ancaman |


Taman Nasional Bunaken secara resmi didirikan pada tahun 1991 dan merupakan salah satu taman laut pertama Indonesia. Pada tahun 2005, Indonesia mendaftarkan taman nasional ini kepada UNESCO untuk dimasukan kedalam Situs Warisan Dunia.[5] Meskipun memiliki status taman nasional dan mendapat pendanaan yang cukup, taman ini mengalami degradasi kecil akibat penambangan terumbu karang, kerusakan akibat jangkar, penggunaan bom dan sianida dalam menangkap ikan, kegiatan menyelam dan sampah.[1]World Wildlife Fund (WWF) memberikan bantuan konservasi sebagai bagian dari "Sulu Sulawesi Marine Eco-region Action Plan". Konservasi meliputi patroli, yang berhasil mengurangi penggunaan bom dalam menangkap ikan.[6]



Referensi |




  1. ^ abcMangement Advisory Board:Entrance fee collection data, retrieved 14-December-2009


  2. ^ abE. Turak and L. DeVantie: Reef-building corals of Bunaken National Park: Rapid ecological assessment of biodiversity and status, 15-December-2009 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Turak" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda


  3. ^ abcdIndonesia Ministry of Forestry: Bunaken National Park, retrieved 14-December-2009


  4. ^ WWF: Bunaken NP fact sheet, retrieved 15-December-2009


  5. ^ UNESCO: Bunaken NP, 14-December-2009


  6. ^ WWF: Bunaken, retrieved 14-December-2009




Pranala luar |




  • Keindahan Surga di Taman Nasional Bunaken

  • Dewan Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bunaken


  • Reef Rehabilitation Project on Bunaken by Seacology








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