Does a quantum computer have a clock signal and if yes how big is it?Is there proof that the D-wave (one) is a quantum computer and is effective?Is the common Computer Science usage of 'ignoring constants' useful when comparing classical computing with quantum computing?Can classical algorithms be improved by using quantum simulation as an intermediary step?What impact would have introducing the quantum switch effect in classical computing?How does the Curry-Howard correspondence apply to quantum programs?The process for transferring qubits between locationsWhat is quantum computing vs. what is not quantum computingQuantum Supremacy: How do we know that a better classical algorithm doesn't exist?Implementing piecewise functions on a quantum computerAre there many practical problems for which Grover's algorithm beats the best heuristic classical algorithm?
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Does a quantum computer have a clock signal and if yes how big is it?
Is there proof that the D-wave (one) is a quantum computer and is effective?Is the common Computer Science usage of 'ignoring constants' useful when comparing classical computing with quantum computing?Can classical algorithms be improved by using quantum simulation as an intermediary step?What impact would have introducing the quantum switch effect in classical computing?How does the Curry-Howard correspondence apply to quantum programs?The process for transferring qubits between locationsWhat is quantum computing vs. what is not quantum computingQuantum Supremacy: How do we know that a better classical algorithm doesn't exist?Implementing piecewise functions on a quantum computerAre there many practical problems for which Grover's algorithm beats the best heuristic classical algorithm?
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margin-bottom:0;
$begingroup$
I think there can't be a computer running software without having a clock signal.
A fast classical computer has a clock rate between 4 to 5 GHz.
If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this.
Is this true?
classical-computing
New contributor
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add a comment
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$begingroup$
I think there can't be a computer running software without having a clock signal.
A fast classical computer has a clock rate between 4 to 5 GHz.
If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this.
Is this true?
classical-computing
New contributor
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Classical computers can work without a clock. Early designs were clocked because it's simpler, and current designs are clocked because that's what everyone has experience designing.
$endgroup$
– Mark
32 mins ago
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
I think there can't be a computer running software without having a clock signal.
A fast classical computer has a clock rate between 4 to 5 GHz.
If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this.
Is this true?
classical-computing
New contributor
$endgroup$
I think there can't be a computer running software without having a clock signal.
A fast classical computer has a clock rate between 4 to 5 GHz.
If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this.
Is this true?
classical-computing
classical-computing
New contributor
New contributor
New contributor
asked 8 hours ago
somegasomega
1061 bronze badge
1061 bronze badge
New contributor
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$begingroup$
Classical computers can work without a clock. Early designs were clocked because it's simpler, and current designs are clocked because that's what everyone has experience designing.
$endgroup$
– Mark
32 mins ago
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
Classical computers can work without a clock. Early designs were clocked because it's simpler, and current designs are clocked because that's what everyone has experience designing.
$endgroup$
– Mark
32 mins ago
$begingroup$
Classical computers can work without a clock. Early designs were clocked because it's simpler, and current designs are clocked because that's what everyone has experience designing.
$endgroup$
– Mark
32 mins ago
$begingroup$
Classical computers can work without a clock. Early designs were clocked because it's simpler, and current designs are clocked because that's what everyone has experience designing.
$endgroup$
– Mark
32 mins ago
add a comment
|
2 Answers
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oldest
votes
$begingroup$
There's no straightforward equivalent of the concept of clock rate in quantum computing. Quantum computers are supposed to produce algorithmic speedups only for very specific categories of problems. In simple words, quantum algorithms can be represented by quantum circuits which are basically a sequence of quantum gates. To give you an idea of how quantum gates are applied, I'll quote Peter Shor's answer:
Consider an ion trap. The ions represent qubits by using one electronic state as a $|0rangle$ and another as a $|1 rangle$. A quantum gate is performed by applying a $4 times 4$ unitary matrix to two of these ions. This is done by shining a sequence of laser pulses on the ions. It's not a physical device into which two ions are input, in which they interact, and out of which the ions come with their states changed.
Such laser pulses are applied at certain intervals of time. You might consider that rate to be a clock cycle rate of some sort. However, you can't immediately map it to a classical notion of "how many instructions are performed per clock cycle?", as quantum instructions (i.e., the state evolution of qubits induced by a single layer of simple quantum gates) can't directly be compared to classical instructions (e.g., bit shifting). So, your statement: "If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this." isn't quite right. In some sense, they might even have lower clock rates (say, 100 MHz) but perform a greater number of effective (classical) instructions per clock cycle (i.e., per contemporary set of laser pulses). Note that this notion of clock cycle rate will be lower bounded by the decoherence times of the qubits.
More importantly, even here, just like in classical computing, the clock cycle rate isn't the only factor determining the performance. Furthermore, it wouldn't make sense to compare the clock cycle rates of different architectures, say ion trap quantum computers with superconducting quantum computers.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Quantum computing does not promise computational speed-ups due to faster clock rates.
Rather, the speed-ups are algorithmic. This means that, to achieve the same task (for suitable tasks that allow for this speed-up), quantum computers would need a smaller number of operations to produce an answer.
These speed-ups exist even if each "single operation" takes the same time in a quantum computer as it does classically.
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
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$begingroup$
There's no straightforward equivalent of the concept of clock rate in quantum computing. Quantum computers are supposed to produce algorithmic speedups only for very specific categories of problems. In simple words, quantum algorithms can be represented by quantum circuits which are basically a sequence of quantum gates. To give you an idea of how quantum gates are applied, I'll quote Peter Shor's answer:
Consider an ion trap. The ions represent qubits by using one electronic state as a $|0rangle$ and another as a $|1 rangle$. A quantum gate is performed by applying a $4 times 4$ unitary matrix to two of these ions. This is done by shining a sequence of laser pulses on the ions. It's not a physical device into which two ions are input, in which they interact, and out of which the ions come with their states changed.
Such laser pulses are applied at certain intervals of time. You might consider that rate to be a clock cycle rate of some sort. However, you can't immediately map it to a classical notion of "how many instructions are performed per clock cycle?", as quantum instructions (i.e., the state evolution of qubits induced by a single layer of simple quantum gates) can't directly be compared to classical instructions (e.g., bit shifting). So, your statement: "If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this." isn't quite right. In some sense, they might even have lower clock rates (say, 100 MHz) but perform a greater number of effective (classical) instructions per clock cycle (i.e., per contemporary set of laser pulses). Note that this notion of clock cycle rate will be lower bounded by the decoherence times of the qubits.
More importantly, even here, just like in classical computing, the clock cycle rate isn't the only factor determining the performance. Furthermore, it wouldn't make sense to compare the clock cycle rates of different architectures, say ion trap quantum computers with superconducting quantum computers.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
There's no straightforward equivalent of the concept of clock rate in quantum computing. Quantum computers are supposed to produce algorithmic speedups only for very specific categories of problems. In simple words, quantum algorithms can be represented by quantum circuits which are basically a sequence of quantum gates. To give you an idea of how quantum gates are applied, I'll quote Peter Shor's answer:
Consider an ion trap. The ions represent qubits by using one electronic state as a $|0rangle$ and another as a $|1 rangle$. A quantum gate is performed by applying a $4 times 4$ unitary matrix to two of these ions. This is done by shining a sequence of laser pulses on the ions. It's not a physical device into which two ions are input, in which they interact, and out of which the ions come with their states changed.
Such laser pulses are applied at certain intervals of time. You might consider that rate to be a clock cycle rate of some sort. However, you can't immediately map it to a classical notion of "how many instructions are performed per clock cycle?", as quantum instructions (i.e., the state evolution of qubits induced by a single layer of simple quantum gates) can't directly be compared to classical instructions (e.g., bit shifting). So, your statement: "If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this." isn't quite right. In some sense, they might even have lower clock rates (say, 100 MHz) but perform a greater number of effective (classical) instructions per clock cycle (i.e., per contemporary set of laser pulses). Note that this notion of clock cycle rate will be lower bounded by the decoherence times of the qubits.
More importantly, even here, just like in classical computing, the clock cycle rate isn't the only factor determining the performance. Furthermore, it wouldn't make sense to compare the clock cycle rates of different architectures, say ion trap quantum computers with superconducting quantum computers.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
There's no straightforward equivalent of the concept of clock rate in quantum computing. Quantum computers are supposed to produce algorithmic speedups only for very specific categories of problems. In simple words, quantum algorithms can be represented by quantum circuits which are basically a sequence of quantum gates. To give you an idea of how quantum gates are applied, I'll quote Peter Shor's answer:
Consider an ion trap. The ions represent qubits by using one electronic state as a $|0rangle$ and another as a $|1 rangle$. A quantum gate is performed by applying a $4 times 4$ unitary matrix to two of these ions. This is done by shining a sequence of laser pulses on the ions. It's not a physical device into which two ions are input, in which they interact, and out of which the ions come with their states changed.
Such laser pulses are applied at certain intervals of time. You might consider that rate to be a clock cycle rate of some sort. However, you can't immediately map it to a classical notion of "how many instructions are performed per clock cycle?", as quantum instructions (i.e., the state evolution of qubits induced by a single layer of simple quantum gates) can't directly be compared to classical instructions (e.g., bit shifting). So, your statement: "If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this." isn't quite right. In some sense, they might even have lower clock rates (say, 100 MHz) but perform a greater number of effective (classical) instructions per clock cycle (i.e., per contemporary set of laser pulses). Note that this notion of clock cycle rate will be lower bounded by the decoherence times of the qubits.
More importantly, even here, just like in classical computing, the clock cycle rate isn't the only factor determining the performance. Furthermore, it wouldn't make sense to compare the clock cycle rates of different architectures, say ion trap quantum computers with superconducting quantum computers.
$endgroup$
There's no straightforward equivalent of the concept of clock rate in quantum computing. Quantum computers are supposed to produce algorithmic speedups only for very specific categories of problems. In simple words, quantum algorithms can be represented by quantum circuits which are basically a sequence of quantum gates. To give you an idea of how quantum gates are applied, I'll quote Peter Shor's answer:
Consider an ion trap. The ions represent qubits by using one electronic state as a $|0rangle$ and another as a $|1 rangle$. A quantum gate is performed by applying a $4 times 4$ unitary matrix to two of these ions. This is done by shining a sequence of laser pulses on the ions. It's not a physical device into which two ions are input, in which they interact, and out of which the ions come with their states changed.
Such laser pulses are applied at certain intervals of time. You might consider that rate to be a clock cycle rate of some sort. However, you can't immediately map it to a classical notion of "how many instructions are performed per clock cycle?", as quantum instructions (i.e., the state evolution of qubits induced by a single layer of simple quantum gates) can't directly be compared to classical instructions (e.g., bit shifting). So, your statement: "If quantum computers are so much faster they must have a clock rate which is a multiple of this." isn't quite right. In some sense, they might even have lower clock rates (say, 100 MHz) but perform a greater number of effective (classical) instructions per clock cycle (i.e., per contemporary set of laser pulses). Note that this notion of clock cycle rate will be lower bounded by the decoherence times of the qubits.
More importantly, even here, just like in classical computing, the clock cycle rate isn't the only factor determining the performance. Furthermore, it wouldn't make sense to compare the clock cycle rates of different architectures, say ion trap quantum computers with superconducting quantum computers.
edited 7 hours ago
answered 7 hours ago
Sanchayan DuttaSanchayan Dutta
8,3284 gold badges18 silver badges64 bronze badges
8,3284 gold badges18 silver badges64 bronze badges
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
1
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I understood your answer as "quantum computers are just completely different". I think all algorithms which don't run in constant time have loops. And I wonder how a loop could be run without having a clock rate. I will wait for more answers on this.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega I'd recommend learning about quantum algorithms from some textbook. Yes, there is the concept of multiple iterations in quantum algorithms but it's very different from the concept of loops in classical algorithms. It's difficult to explain all the basics in one answer.
$endgroup$
– Sanchayan Dutta
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
I know there's much discussion on the qubits. But for me as programmer they're just the same as classical bits (only different physical implementation). I wonder if it's the same with the rest of the quantum computer.
$endgroup$
– somega
7 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega both Sanchayan and gIS's answer, and certainly Peter Shor's answer on physics.stackexchange, try to emphasize that qubits and (classical) bits, and quantum gates and classical gates, are not the same. Qubits and classical bits, along with quantum gates and classical gates, obey different rules. For example, qubits cannot be cloned. Additionally quantum gates must be reversible, while this is not a requirement for classical gates. But quantum gates can do cooler things than classical gates, like entangle qubits together.
$endgroup$
– Mark S
5 hours ago
1
1
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
$begingroup$
@somega Can you accept that a "quantum gate" is most likely a laser/microwave pulse applied to a "qubit," which are ion traps/SQUIDs? You can apply the laser pulses again and again at a specific "rate" but I'm not sure how it would tie to a general-purpose computer...
$endgroup$
– Mark S
4 hours ago
|
show 1 more comment
$begingroup$
Quantum computing does not promise computational speed-ups due to faster clock rates.
Rather, the speed-ups are algorithmic. This means that, to achieve the same task (for suitable tasks that allow for this speed-up), quantum computers would need a smaller number of operations to produce an answer.
These speed-ups exist even if each "single operation" takes the same time in a quantum computer as it does classically.
$endgroup$
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
Quantum computing does not promise computational speed-ups due to faster clock rates.
Rather, the speed-ups are algorithmic. This means that, to achieve the same task (for suitable tasks that allow for this speed-up), quantum computers would need a smaller number of operations to produce an answer.
These speed-ups exist even if each "single operation" takes the same time in a quantum computer as it does classically.
$endgroup$
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
Quantum computing does not promise computational speed-ups due to faster clock rates.
Rather, the speed-ups are algorithmic. This means that, to achieve the same task (for suitable tasks that allow for this speed-up), quantum computers would need a smaller number of operations to produce an answer.
These speed-ups exist even if each "single operation" takes the same time in a quantum computer as it does classically.
$endgroup$
Quantum computing does not promise computational speed-ups due to faster clock rates.
Rather, the speed-ups are algorithmic. This means that, to achieve the same task (for suitable tasks that allow for this speed-up), quantum computers would need a smaller number of operations to produce an answer.
These speed-ups exist even if each "single operation" takes the same time in a quantum computer as it does classically.
edited 6 hours ago
answered 7 hours ago
glSglS
5,9931 gold badge10 silver badges45 bronze badges
5,9931 gold badge10 silver badges45 bronze badges
add a comment
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add a comment
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somega is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
somega is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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somega is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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$begingroup$
Classical computers can work without a clock. Early designs were clocked because it's simpler, and current designs are clocked because that's what everyone has experience designing.
$endgroup$
– Mark
32 mins ago