Contradiction on findings in existing literatureShould I report an accepted PhD thesis in which the literature review is copied verbatim from sources?What to do (years later) with otherwise good student who has accidentally plagiarised part of PhD thesis?Is there such a thing as too much work for a Master's Thesis?How detailed do I have to provide sourcesHow to Reference a Long Breakdown of a Mathematical Model from Another Thesis?Writing PhD thesis as part of consortium projectRemind professor of email a second time?Working relationship with master thesis professorDimensionless axis plotsThesis' “Future Work” section – is it acceptable to omit personal involvement in a mentioned project?

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Contradiction on findings in existing literature


Should I report an accepted PhD thesis in which the literature review is copied verbatim from sources?What to do (years later) with otherwise good student who has accidentally plagiarised part of PhD thesis?Is there such a thing as too much work for a Master's Thesis?How detailed do I have to provide sourcesHow to Reference a Long Breakdown of a Mathematical Model from Another Thesis?Writing PhD thesis as part of consortium projectRemind professor of email a second time?Working relationship with master thesis professorDimensionless axis plotsThesis' “Future Work” section – is it acceptable to omit personal involvement in a mentioned project?






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








4















I'm currently writing my thesis where I have two underlying sources where one says that a variable (has the founder of a kickstarter project backed other projects?) has influence on the dependent variable, while another source says it doesn't. What do I do in such a situation?










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  • 2





    Quote them both or figure out which is correct and why. Simple. (no, not really)

    – Buffy
    8 hours ago






  • 1





    The conflict between the two sources is a good research topic by itself. Only one can be correct.

    – Wolfgang Bangerth
    6 hours ago

















4















I'm currently writing my thesis where I have two underlying sources where one says that a variable (has the founder of a kickstarter project backed other projects?) has influence on the dependent variable, while another source says it doesn't. What do I do in such a situation?










share|improve this question







New contributor



beld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 2





    Quote them both or figure out which is correct and why. Simple. (no, not really)

    – Buffy
    8 hours ago






  • 1





    The conflict between the two sources is a good research topic by itself. Only one can be correct.

    – Wolfgang Bangerth
    6 hours ago













4












4








4








I'm currently writing my thesis where I have two underlying sources where one says that a variable (has the founder of a kickstarter project backed other projects?) has influence on the dependent variable, while another source says it doesn't. What do I do in such a situation?










share|improve this question







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beld is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











I'm currently writing my thesis where I have two underlying sources where one says that a variable (has the founder of a kickstarter project backed other projects?) has influence on the dependent variable, while another source says it doesn't. What do I do in such a situation?







thesis supporting-information






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asked 9 hours ago









beldbeld

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  • 2





    Quote them both or figure out which is correct and why. Simple. (no, not really)

    – Buffy
    8 hours ago






  • 1





    The conflict between the two sources is a good research topic by itself. Only one can be correct.

    – Wolfgang Bangerth
    6 hours ago












  • 2





    Quote them both or figure out which is correct and why. Simple. (no, not really)

    – Buffy
    8 hours ago






  • 1





    The conflict between the two sources is a good research topic by itself. Only one can be correct.

    – Wolfgang Bangerth
    6 hours ago







2




2





Quote them both or figure out which is correct and why. Simple. (no, not really)

– Buffy
8 hours ago





Quote them both or figure out which is correct and why. Simple. (no, not really)

– Buffy
8 hours ago




1




1





The conflict between the two sources is a good research topic by itself. Only one can be correct.

– Wolfgang Bangerth
6 hours ago





The conflict between the two sources is a good research topic by itself. Only one can be correct.

– Wolfgang Bangerth
6 hours ago










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















3
















As Buffy notes, you cite both, and expound upon the apparent conflict.



If you are just reviewing literature, you would point out that the two studies came to different conclusions. If this is on-topic for your thesis, you would then dig a bit deeper and clarify what the studies have in common and how they differ, as it would lay out potential explanations for the apparent conflict.



This sort of thing is often the goal of reviewing literature to start with - identify a gap where there are no studies, or identify places where studies and/or theory seems to disagree.



Depending on what work you are doing, you may simply note this as a promising topic for future research, or you may want to try to address this conflict yourself with your own work to try to resolve the contradiction. The answer may be all kinds of things, from seeking out a mediating variable, to changing the analysis in a way that makes the conflict disappear, to ending up confirming that in fact "sometimes this variable matters, and sometimes it doesn't, and we don't know why."






share|improve this answer

























  • Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

    – beld
    8 hours ago


















4
















A statistics caution: "not significant" does not mean "not different" or "not related."



If one study reports X and Y are significantly correlated, p=0.01, and another study reports X and Y are not significantly correlated, p=0.23 these results are not necessarily in conflict.



You likely don't need to go through a whole meta analysis procedure in your thesis' literature review if that isn't a major objective, but you should consider apparently conflicting information carefully to make sure it is actually in conflict, including both methodological differences and the effects of random sampling and sample size.






share|improve this answer






















  • 1





    Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

    – Nuclear Wang
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    – Bryan Krause
    6 hours ago







  • 1





    +1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

    – BrianH
    4 hours ago













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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

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2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









3
















As Buffy notes, you cite both, and expound upon the apparent conflict.



If you are just reviewing literature, you would point out that the two studies came to different conclusions. If this is on-topic for your thesis, you would then dig a bit deeper and clarify what the studies have in common and how they differ, as it would lay out potential explanations for the apparent conflict.



This sort of thing is often the goal of reviewing literature to start with - identify a gap where there are no studies, or identify places where studies and/or theory seems to disagree.



Depending on what work you are doing, you may simply note this as a promising topic for future research, or you may want to try to address this conflict yourself with your own work to try to resolve the contradiction. The answer may be all kinds of things, from seeking out a mediating variable, to changing the analysis in a way that makes the conflict disappear, to ending up confirming that in fact "sometimes this variable matters, and sometimes it doesn't, and we don't know why."






share|improve this answer

























  • Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

    – beld
    8 hours ago















3
















As Buffy notes, you cite both, and expound upon the apparent conflict.



If you are just reviewing literature, you would point out that the two studies came to different conclusions. If this is on-topic for your thesis, you would then dig a bit deeper and clarify what the studies have in common and how they differ, as it would lay out potential explanations for the apparent conflict.



This sort of thing is often the goal of reviewing literature to start with - identify a gap where there are no studies, or identify places where studies and/or theory seems to disagree.



Depending on what work you are doing, you may simply note this as a promising topic for future research, or you may want to try to address this conflict yourself with your own work to try to resolve the contradiction. The answer may be all kinds of things, from seeking out a mediating variable, to changing the analysis in a way that makes the conflict disappear, to ending up confirming that in fact "sometimes this variable matters, and sometimes it doesn't, and we don't know why."






share|improve this answer

























  • Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

    – beld
    8 hours ago













3














3










3









As Buffy notes, you cite both, and expound upon the apparent conflict.



If you are just reviewing literature, you would point out that the two studies came to different conclusions. If this is on-topic for your thesis, you would then dig a bit deeper and clarify what the studies have in common and how they differ, as it would lay out potential explanations for the apparent conflict.



This sort of thing is often the goal of reviewing literature to start with - identify a gap where there are no studies, or identify places where studies and/or theory seems to disagree.



Depending on what work you are doing, you may simply note this as a promising topic for future research, or you may want to try to address this conflict yourself with your own work to try to resolve the contradiction. The answer may be all kinds of things, from seeking out a mediating variable, to changing the analysis in a way that makes the conflict disappear, to ending up confirming that in fact "sometimes this variable matters, and sometimes it doesn't, and we don't know why."






share|improve this answer













As Buffy notes, you cite both, and expound upon the apparent conflict.



If you are just reviewing literature, you would point out that the two studies came to different conclusions. If this is on-topic for your thesis, you would then dig a bit deeper and clarify what the studies have in common and how they differ, as it would lay out potential explanations for the apparent conflict.



This sort of thing is often the goal of reviewing literature to start with - identify a gap where there are no studies, or identify places where studies and/or theory seems to disagree.



Depending on what work you are doing, you may simply note this as a promising topic for future research, or you may want to try to address this conflict yourself with your own work to try to resolve the contradiction. The answer may be all kinds of things, from seeking out a mediating variable, to changing the analysis in a way that makes the conflict disappear, to ending up confirming that in fact "sometimes this variable matters, and sometimes it doesn't, and we don't know why."







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered 8 hours ago









BrianHBrianH

20.3k6 gold badges47 silver badges79 bronze badges




20.3k6 gold badges47 silver badges79 bronze badges















  • Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

    – beld
    8 hours ago

















  • Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

    – beld
    8 hours ago
















Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

– beld
8 hours ago





Thank you for the broad answer, helps to understand the underlying logic behind each decision. In my case, the variable is only of secondary importance so I will simply note this as an interesting finding

– beld
8 hours ago













4
















A statistics caution: "not significant" does not mean "not different" or "not related."



If one study reports X and Y are significantly correlated, p=0.01, and another study reports X and Y are not significantly correlated, p=0.23 these results are not necessarily in conflict.



You likely don't need to go through a whole meta analysis procedure in your thesis' literature review if that isn't a major objective, but you should consider apparently conflicting information carefully to make sure it is actually in conflict, including both methodological differences and the effects of random sampling and sample size.






share|improve this answer






















  • 1





    Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

    – Nuclear Wang
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    – Bryan Krause
    6 hours ago







  • 1





    +1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

    – BrianH
    4 hours ago















4
















A statistics caution: "not significant" does not mean "not different" or "not related."



If one study reports X and Y are significantly correlated, p=0.01, and another study reports X and Y are not significantly correlated, p=0.23 these results are not necessarily in conflict.



You likely don't need to go through a whole meta analysis procedure in your thesis' literature review if that isn't a major objective, but you should consider apparently conflicting information carefully to make sure it is actually in conflict, including both methodological differences and the effects of random sampling and sample size.






share|improve this answer






















  • 1





    Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

    – Nuclear Wang
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    – Bryan Krause
    6 hours ago







  • 1





    +1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

    – BrianH
    4 hours ago













4














4










4









A statistics caution: "not significant" does not mean "not different" or "not related."



If one study reports X and Y are significantly correlated, p=0.01, and another study reports X and Y are not significantly correlated, p=0.23 these results are not necessarily in conflict.



You likely don't need to go through a whole meta analysis procedure in your thesis' literature review if that isn't a major objective, but you should consider apparently conflicting information carefully to make sure it is actually in conflict, including both methodological differences and the effects of random sampling and sample size.






share|improve this answer















A statistics caution: "not significant" does not mean "not different" or "not related."



If one study reports X and Y are significantly correlated, p=0.01, and another study reports X and Y are not significantly correlated, p=0.23 these results are not necessarily in conflict.



You likely don't need to go through a whole meta analysis procedure in your thesis' literature review if that isn't a major objective, but you should consider apparently conflicting information carefully to make sure it is actually in conflict, including both methodological differences and the effects of random sampling and sample size.







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 6 hours ago

























answered 8 hours ago









Bryan KrauseBryan Krause

21.7k5 gold badges67 silver badges85 bronze badges




21.7k5 gold badges67 silver badges85 bronze badges










  • 1





    Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

    – Nuclear Wang
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    – Bryan Krause
    6 hours ago







  • 1





    +1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

    – BrianH
    4 hours ago












  • 1





    Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

    – Nuclear Wang
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

    – Bryan Krause
    6 hours ago







  • 1





    +1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

    – BrianH
    4 hours ago







1




1





Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

– Nuclear Wang
7 hours ago





Yes, I was about to leave this answer myself. It's unusual to directly show that variables are unrelated, they instead show no evidence of association. One way to see if there's a conflict is to look at effect size and sample size. From the study that found significant association, you can find the effect size of the association. Using that and the sample size from the other study, you can calculate power. If the second study is underpowered, the fact that they find no association is unsurprising - they did not collect enough data. If they did have enough data, only then is there a conflict.

– Nuclear Wang
7 hours ago




1




1





@NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

– Bryan Krause
6 hours ago






@NuclearWang Right. Even then they may not be in conflict, because effect size estimates from a single study can be very imprecise. But yes, you can use the power estimate approach to at least figure out how likely the second study would be to miss an effect similar in size to the one observed in the first study. Even if both studies are appropriately powered and assuming the effect is real i.e. null is false, according to some standard power threshold like 80% you'd by definition expect 20% of the studies to fail to reject the null hypothesis.

– Bryan Krause
6 hours ago





1




1





+1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

– BrianH
4 hours ago





+1 very true, and this of course also comes up in regression models where many variables are dumped in and some aren't "significant", but may or may not improve the model depending on the comparison metric used, etc.

– BrianH
4 hours ago











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Tom Holland Mục lục Đầu đời và giáo dục | Sự nghiệp | Cuộc sống cá nhân | Phim tham gia | Giải thưởng và đề cử | Chú thích | Liên kết ngoài | Trình đơn chuyển hướngProfile“Person Details for Thomas Stanley Holland, "England and Wales Birth Registration Index, 1837-2008" — FamilySearch.org”"Meet Tom Holland... the 16-year-old star of The Impossible""Schoolboy actor Tom Holland finds himself in Oscar contention for role in tsunami drama"“Naomi Watts on the Prince William and Harry's reaction to her film about the late Princess Diana”lưu trữ"Holland and Pflueger Are West End's Two New 'Billy Elliots'""I'm so envious of my son, the movie star! British writer Dominic Holland's spent 20 years trying to crack Hollywood - but he's been beaten to it by a very unlikely rival"“Richard and Margaret Povey of Jersey, Channel Islands, UK: Information about Thomas Stanley Holland”"Tom Holland to play Billy Elliot""New Billy Elliot leaving the garage"Billy Elliot the Musical - Tom Holland - Billy"A Tale of four Billys: Tom Holland""The Feel Good Factor""Thames Christian College schoolboys join Myleene Klass for The Feelgood Factor""Government launches £600,000 arts bursaries pilot""BILLY's Chapman, Holland, Gardner & Jackson-Keen Visit Prime Minister""Elton John 'blown away' by Billy Elliot fifth birthday" (video with John's interview and fragments of Holland's performance)"First News interviews Arrietty's Tom Holland"“33rd Critics' Circle Film Awards winners”“National Board of Review Current Awards”Bản gốc"Ron Howard Whaling Tale 'In The Heart Of The Sea' Casts Tom Holland"“'Spider-Man' Finds Tom Holland to Star as New Web-Slinger”lưu trữ“Captain America: Civil War (2016)”“Film Review: ‘Captain America: Civil War’”lưu trữ“‘Captain America: Civil War’ review: Choose your own avenger”lưu trữ“The Lost City of Z reviews”“Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios Find Their 'Spider-Man' Star and Director”“‘Mary Magdalene’, ‘Current War’ & ‘Wind River’ Get 2017 Release Dates From Weinstein”“Lionsgate Unleashing Daisy Ridley & Tom Holland Starrer ‘Chaos Walking’ In Cannes”“PTA's 'Master' Leads Chicago Film Critics Nominations, UPDATED: Houston and Indiana Critics Nominations”“Nominaciones Goya 2013 Telecinco Cinema – ENG”“Jameson Empire Film Awards: Martin Freeman wins best actor for performance in The Hobbit”“34th Annual Young Artist Awards”Bản gốc“Teen Choice Awards 2016—Captain America: Civil War Leads Second Wave of Nominations”“BAFTA Film Award Nominations: ‘La La Land’ Leads Race”“Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead”Tom HollandTom HollandTom HollandTom Hollandmedia.gettyimages.comWorldCat Identities300279794no20130442900000 0004 0355 42791085670554170004732cb16706349t(data)XX5557367