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Faalanks Vaata ka | Välislingid | NavigeerimismenüüFaalanks

Sõjaline taktikaVana-Kreeka sõjandus


jalaväeVana-KreekashopliididSumeristVana-EgiptuseHomeroseltAleksander SuureRooma vabariigileegioni












Faalanks




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Rekonstruktsioon Kreeka faalanksist


Faalanks oli jalaväe formatsioon, mis on tuntud peamiselt kasutamise tõttu Vana-Kreekas. Faalanksis olevad sõdurid (Vana-Kreekas hopliidid) reastusid üksteise kõrvale nii, et nende kilbid moodustasid tiheda seina ja esimesed sõdurite read suunasid oma odad ettepoole. Faalanks oli eest hästi kaitstud, kuid haavatav külgedelt. Faalanksitega peeti lahinguid enamasti tasastel väljadel, kuna ebatasasel maastikul oli raske rivi hoida.


Esimesed kirjeldused faalanksitaolise rivistuse kasutamisest pärinevad 25. sajandist eKr Sumerist ja Vana-Egiptuse jalavägi kasutas sarnast formatsiooni. Sõna "faalanks" (φάλαγξ) pärineb Homeroselt, kes kasutas seda, kirjeldamaks lahinguid hopliitide vahel. Kreeka ja Sparta faalanks sündis ilmselt 8.-7. sajandil eKr ja selle kõrgaeg saabus Aleksander Suure vallutuste ajal. Rooma vabariigi ja leegioni tõus viisid hellenistlike riikide ja nende armeede kadumiseni ning seega ka faalanksi allakäiguni. Odadega relvastatud jalavägi mängis lahinguväljal rolli veel 18. sajandil, kuid nende taktika ei pruukinud kattuda enam faalanksi omaga.



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