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吉达 目录 語源學與拼寫 历史 教育 交通 友好城市 图库 参考文献 外部链接 导航菜单21°32′34″N 39°10′22″E / 21.5428°N 39.1728°E / 21.5428; 39.1728Jeddah Municipality21°29′31″N 39°11′24″E / 21.49194°N 39.19000°E / 21.49194; 39.19000Abu Ras promises new Jeddah原始内容Population原始内容Foreign and Commonwealth Office: British Embassy, Jedda: Registered FilesBritish Consulate General Jeddah"Lost in translation."Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia吉达分類吉达谷歌地圖cb12083288m(data)4091273-510044906ge980829

沙特阿拉伯城市印度洋沿海城市麦加省吉达


沙特阿拉伯麦加省紅海麥加利雅得中东西亚伊斯兰麦加大學喷泉夏娃之墓伊本·白圖泰外交及國協事務部托馬斯·愛德華·勞倫斯沙漠革命記奧斯曼·伊本·阿凡伊斯蘭教哈里發麦加朝觐阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹国王国际机场帐篷朝觐沙特阿拉伯航空世界第28位最繁忙港口快速铁路利雅得












吉达




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吉达
جدّة Jidda






吉达旗幟
旗幟

吉达徽章
徽章

綽號:紅海的新娘



吉达在沙烏地阿拉伯的位置

吉达

吉达



吉達在沙特阿拉伯的位置



坐标:21°32′34″N 39°10′22″E / 21.5428°N 39.1728°E / 21.5428; 39.1728
國家
沙特阿拉伯

麥加省
建立於
公元前六世紀
加入沙特阿拉伯
1925年
政府
 • 市長
Hani Abu Ras[1]
 • City Governor
Mish'al Al-Saud
 • Provincial Governor
Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud
面积
 • 市區

1,686 平方公里(651 平方英里)
 • 都會區

3,000 平方公里(1,000 平方英里)
海拔

12 米(39 英尺)
人口(2010)[2]
 • 市
3,456,259
时区
AST(UTC+3)
 • 夏时制

AST(UTC+3)
郵編
以21開頭的5位數字碼
電話區號
+966-12
網站
Jeddah Municipality

吉达(阿拉伯语:جدّة‎),沙特阿拉伯麦加省一个港口城市,位於紅海東岸,麥加以西64公里,吉达都市区面积1200km²,吉达市面积约560km²,人口超過3,400,000,是仅次于首都利雅得的第二大城市,沙特经济中心,也是中东和西亚地区最富有的城市。


吉达是伊斯兰信徒前往圣城麦加朝圣的主要入口。在1967年建立大學。吉达拥有世界最高喷泉。




目录





  • 1 語源學與拼寫


  • 2 历史


  • 3 教育


  • 4 交通

    • 4.1 航空


    • 4.2 海港


    • 4.3 陆路交通



  • 5 友好城市


  • 6 图库


  • 7 参考文献


  • 8 外部链接




語源學與拼寫


關於吉達的名稱至少有兩種說法,最常見的說法是來自於 جدة (Jaddah,阿拉伯語“祖母”之意),因為根據當地傳說,夏娃之墓(21°29′31″N 39°11′24″E / 21.49194°N 39.19000°E / 21.49194; 39.19000)就在這裡。[3]


伊本·白圖泰在其世界旅行中曾到達吉達,在其日記中他將地名寫作“Juddah”。[4]


外交及國協事務部和其他英國機構曾使用“Jedda”作為其名稱[5],這點不同於其他英語國家,2007年改為“Jeddah”。[6]


托馬斯·愛德華·勞倫斯認為吉達所有的英文譯名都不對,在他的著作《沙漠革命記》的第一頁他就採用了三種不同的拼寫方法。[7]



历史


超過2500年以前,吉达起初是一個漁村。在公元647年,奧斯曼·伊本·阿凡(伊斯蘭教歷史上的的第三任哈里發)使吉达成為伊斯蘭教徒往麦加朝觐的進口港,令吉达更重要和突出。



教育


吉达的教育设施十分完备,截至2005年,吉达共有供男生就读的公共和私人学校849所,供女生就读的公共和私人学校1179所[8]。其中大部分学校都以阿拉伯语教学以英语为第二语言,少数国际学校直接以英语教学。



交通





吉达港



航空



吉达阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹国王国际机场(King Abdulaziz International Airport)是世界上最为繁忙的机场之一,该机场共有四个航站楼,朝觐航站楼Hajj Terminal),是一个用帐篷搭建的室外航站楼,主要用于接待麦加朝觐期间,通过该机场进入麦加的超过两百万朝圣者;南航站楼,服务于沙特阿拉伯航空的航班;北航站楼,服务于其他航空公司的航班;王室航站楼,主要用于接待贵宾乘客,国外元首及沙特王室成员。



海港



吉達港世界第28位最繁忙港口(2005年),它承擔了沙烏地絕大部分的海運工作,是沙特最大的港口。



陆路交通


吉达目前没有快速铁路系统,但一条联通首都利雅得的铁路目前正在建造中。




麥地那路擁擠的交通



友好城市






  • Flag of Kazakhstan.svg 哈萨克斯坦阿拉木圖


  • Flag of Jordan.svg 约旦安曼


  • Flag of Azerbaijan.svg 阿塞拜疆巴库


  • Flag of Egypt.svg 埃及亚历山大港


  • Flag of Egypt.svg 埃及开罗


  • Flag of Germany.svg 德国斯图加特


  • Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg 阿拉伯联合酋长国迪拜


  • Flag of Indonesia.svg 印度尼西亚雅加达


  • Flag of Turkey.svg 土耳其伊斯坦堡


  • Flag of Turkey.svg 土耳其阿达纳


  • Flag of Malaysia.svg 马来西亚新山


  • Flag of Russia.svg俄罗斯喀山



  • Flag of Pakistan.svg 巴基斯坦卡拉奇


  • Flag of Turkmenistan.svg 土库曼斯坦马雷


  • Flag of Ukraine.svg 乌克兰敖德薩


  • Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg 吉尔吉斯斯坦奧什


  • Flag of Bulgaria.svg 保加利亚普罗夫迪夫


  • Flag of Morocco.svg 摩洛哥达尔贝达


  • Flag of Brazil.svg 巴西里約熱內盧


  • Flag of Japan.svg 日本下关市


  • Flag of Russia.svg 俄罗斯圣彼得堡


  • Flag of France.svg 法国斯特拉斯堡


  • Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 中华人民共和国西安市


  • Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 中华人民共和国台北市


图库



参考文献




  1. Abu Ras promises new Jeddah. Saudigazette.com.sa. 2010-08-19 [2011-04-17]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-02). 


  2. Population. Statistical Yearbook 47 (2011). Central Department Of Statistics & Information. [15 November 2013]. (原始内容存档于2013年12月1日). 


  3. Jayussi, Salma; Manṣūr Ibrāhīm Ḥāzimī; ʻIzzat ibn ʻAbd al-Majīd Khaṭṭāb Beyond the Dunes I B Tauris & Co Ltd (28 April 2006), p. 295. ISBN 978-1-85043-972-1 [1]


  4. Ibn Battota's Safari. Tuhfat Al-Nothaar Fe Gharaa'ib Al-Amsaar. Chapter: "From Cairo to Hejaz to Tunisia again". ISBN 9953-34-180-X


  5. Foreign and Commonwealth Office: British Embassy, Jedda: Registered Files. 


  6. >British Consulate General Jeddah. 


  7. "Lost in translation." Brian Whitaker. Guardian (UK). 10 June 2002.


  8. Statistical information department of the ministry of education:Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia (AR)



外部链接





  • 吉达官方网站(阿拉伯语)


  • 维基导游中有關吉达(英文)的旅遊指南

  • 谷歌地圖









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