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術語控制论


内部结构系统设备












黑箱




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Confusion grey.svg  提示：本条目的主题不是暗箱。





黑箱，指一个只知道输入输出关系而不知道内部结构的系统或设备。与之相反的是白箱（英语：White box (software engineering)）。
例子有：



  • 物理学／电子工业中，指未知内部结构，只露出若干接头的电路，如二端口网络；


  • 计算机科学中，指内部工作方法不清楚的程序。（也许是闭源软件）


  • 系统工程学中指一个系统只能根据其外部表征来推测其系统功能，而不能了解其内部详细构造。例如中医就是一个黑箱系统，尤其是经络结构。



目录





  • 1 应用


  • 2 延伸用法


  • 3 相关


  • 4 参考資料




应用


在物理竞赛[1]中有一类题目，给参赛者一个有若干接头的黑箱，
通过用仪表测量某几个接头的的某些电学特性，推断出箱内的电路结构。



延伸用法


  • 黑箱作業：又称“黑箱操作”、“暗箱操作”，指的是組織內部的決策過程不透明，一般有負面的意涵。


相关


  • 黑盒测试


参考資料




  1. ^ （中华人民共和国）全国中学生物理竞赛竞赛内容要求与提要 http://cso.xiaoxiaotong.org/physics/newsView.aspx?AID=1850







取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=黑箱&oldid=55057188”










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