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Valor esperado Definición | Véxase tamén | Menú de navegación2192699ID4152930-3expected-values

Estatística


estatísticavariable aleatoriaxogo de azarmedia aritméticafunción de masafunción de densidademomentos centradosdistribución de Cauchy












Valor esperado




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En estatística o valor esperado ou esperanza matemática (ou simplemente esperanza) dunha variable aleatoria é a suma da probabilidade de cada suceso multiplicado polo seu valor. Por exemplo nun xogo de azar o valor esperado é o beneficio medio.


Se tódolos sucesos son de igual probabilidade a esperanza é a media aritmética.



Definición |


Para unha variable aleatoria discreta con valores posibles x1,x2…xndisplaystyle x_1,x_2ldots x_n e as súas posibilidades representadas pola función de masa p(xi)displaystyle p(x_i) a esperanza calcúlase con


E[X]=∑i=1nxip(xi)displaystyle E[X]=sum _i=1^nx_ip(x_i)

Para unha variable aleatoria continua a esperanza calcúlase mediante a integral de tódolos valores e a función de densidade f(x)displaystyle f(x):


E[X]=∫−∞∞xf(x)dxdisplaystyle E[X]=int _-infty ^infty xf(x)dx

As esperanzas E[Xk]displaystyle E[X^k] para k=0,1,2...displaystyle k=0,1,2... chámanse momentos de orde kdisplaystyle k. Máis importantes son os
momentos centrados E[(X−E[X])k]displaystyle E[(X-E[X])^k].


Non tódalas variables aleatorias teñen un valor esperado (por exemplo a distribución de Cauchy).


O valor esperado é unha función lineal. Por iso


E[aX+b]=aE[X]+bdisplaystyle E[aX+b]=aE[X]+b


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